"Me" could be translated as an "it" for the subject "yo" (i) it is also used as an english "me" in some cases.
Me gusta=I like it Me enferma=It makes me sick Me duele=It hurts meTe gusta=You like it
Le gusta=He or she likes it
Nos gusta=We like it
Les gusta=they like it Mí is the object for the personal pronoun "yo", like a "me" in english
para mí=for me it can be used as a possesive too the only difference is that the possesive is stress less :mi perro=my dog
mi casa=my house
Tú is the personal pronoun "you", the informal one, mainly used with kids,friends and people you meet in the web, it is also used as a possesive:tu perro=your dog tu madre=your mother the object for this subject is "ti": para ti=for you.
"Te" follows the same rule as "me" but it is used with the personal pronoun "tú"(you)
Te gusta=You like it
Te duele=It hurts you .

"Me" is used when an action is hapenning on the subject I or when the subject I. "Me" reffers to I, and you can you use "yo me" or just "me" and is correct.
ex: Me llamo.... = My name is....., Me leí un libro = I read a book, yo me quemé = I burned,
¿Me siento? = Do I sit down?

"Mi" is used when you want to say that something is yours, in english you can translate with My.
ex: Mi esposa = my wife, Mi perro = my dog.

"Tu" is just you in english, but is used to say that something is the property of the subject you.
ex= tu libro = your book, tus cosas= your things, tus miedos= your fears.

"Te" is used when an action is happening on the subject you. it have the same uses that "Me".
Ex: Te comiste(past of comer) una galleta = you ate a cookie, yo te lo dije = I told you, ¿Te sientes bien? = Do you feel ok?