Some people refer to a remote (old) stroke as a chronic stroke.  Chronic pain is usually referred to in texts as pain lasting longer than three to six months.  Chronic diseases are diseases a person will have to manage over a long period of time or for the rest of their lives, such as diabetes.  As an aside, I think in some circumstances "recurrent" would be more accurate but "chronic" is used alot.  You can also describe something, such as an injury, as "acute on chronic" meaning the person had a long-standing problem and then had a trauma in addition to that.

Acute = a disease developing over a short time frame.

Chronic = a condition that lasts over a long period of time.