As to the 'English teacher' line, most people would initially assume it refers to someone who teaches English, regardless of the stress on whichever word. Only by reiterating, and making a very strong stress on the word "teacher," might someone eventually perceive that you mean a teacher who is from England.

For 'greenhouse/green house,' the different meanings would be more easily perceived by stressing the bolded words. Additionally, "greenhouse" is said rapidly as a single word, while "green house" will have a slight natural pause in between the two words, making the difference in meaning crystal clear.

For "woman doctor," the automatic assumption would be 'a woman who is a doctor', regardless of stress, because that phrase is NEVER used to refer to a doctor who specializes in treating women. It just doesn't exist as a part of the English vernacular. Something similar might be "gynecologist," for example, but never "woman doctor." Thus, the only meaning anyone would consider would be as a doctor who is a woman.

I think, aside from the excellent point made by the previous responders the meaning of these phrases when either spoken or written (apart from "Greenhouse" / green house) would be determined contextually.

Of the three examples only the first really has any chance of occurring during conversation and most people would avoid the confusion naturally by saying either;

"Miss Lee is an English teacher" or "Elizabeth is a teacher from England"

At least that is my opinion on it. :)

Thanks for your opinions, Diego.

So far, could I say that the intonation is not that much important when we speak English?

Thank you so much for the interpretations, Dave G. You made them detailed and clear.

I think that "Mr. Brown is a gynecologist" and "She is a female doctor" are useful and colloquial words. Thanks, aegis.

For 3., I think this would be more common:

3. "Mr. Brown is a gynecologist." versus "She is a female doctor."