<strike>什么</strike>我喜欢做什么。
Analysis:  when you translate the question into Chinese, you have to adjust it as a declarative sentence. For instance, what do I like to do(English)----> I like to do what (Chinese), that it's:  我（I）喜欢（like to）做（do）什么（what）。Another example: where are you? (English)---> you are where?（Chinese） 你在哪里？

我是一个很忙的人。我星期一至星期四去了学院<strike>星期一-星期四</strike>。
Analysis:  First, the word "busy" is an adjuctive, which is usually add "的" after the adjuctive word being translated. Second, the position of the time in Chinese sentence, we usually place it in the front place, which makes it more cogently, also contrast with the structure of English in some degree. So, you can say in such a way in Chinese： 星期一至(to)星期五，我去了学院。or 我星期一至星期四去了学院。 


我的老师<strike>嘎</strike>（给give or 布置assign）我很多工作。我的工作是家务和养花。我是老板 (Trying to say: I do work for myself) 每周我工作二十五(hours?小时).
Reminder: the words "工作" might confuse the readers, who cannot figure out whether content of "the work" are the same as your teacher's assignment as what  you do at home. You teacher demands you to do the housework and take care of the plants?


我喜欢踢足球<strike>。</strike>（、）我<strike>去</strike>攀岩和滑雪<strike>。</strike>（，）我（还）喜欢我的（那）辆自行车。
Analysis: playing soccers, rock climbing, and skiing are your hobbits, you'd better translate them in to the compound sentence, so  you can just list the nouns of your hobbits after one verb "喜欢"。 On the other hand, the bike itself cannot be defined as a hobbit (unless you mean riding), so we usually repeat the basic structure of the sentence written before, it is 我喜欢....。“还”means, also, which can make the sentence more cogent too. Finally, when we refer in particular to  something, such as your bike, we can use pronoun "那" , which as the same as "the" in English.

我的朋友们是最<strike>好</strike>(棒)的！我们喜欢去游泳和开<strike>车在</strike>我的车。 
Analysis: “最棒的”is colloquial Cbinese, which is more native to describe some one you adore or admire than "最好的"。“开(drive)车(car)” is fine enough.    

我喜欢<strike>吃</strike>（喝）咖啡，豆浆，燕麦粥，（吃）蛋，早饭。 晚饭我吃米饭，蔬菜，豆腐。 <strike>和是的</strike>（还有）我<strike>爱</strike>（<font color="#0000ff">喜欢的）</font>炒菜！
Analysis: Using the verb in different situation, it's same in Chinese or English in some aspects, such as "drink(喝)" or "eat(吃)", so I change the orders of your words in the sentence, differ the liquid diet from the solid food. “还有”means "And also", “喜欢的”means "my favorite". 

好，我现在走， 再见！
Analysis: same as the second analysis above.

Ps: I edited your passage onlly based on my comprehension, for I am not a professional Chinese teacher. But still, I hope my suggestion can give you some clues. As a beginner of learning Chinese, I think you have done a good job!  Just keep moving on!

 

什么我喜欢做。（我喜欢做什么·be careful about the word order~,maybe you wil say what i enjoy doing in English.but in Chinese it's not the case.if you put 什么 in the first place, it sounds like a question.)

<strike>什么</strike>我喜欢做（什么）。

我做喜欢什么

我喜欢做什么。