همکلاسم به گرفتن کارهایشان در آینده می پردازند.

こんにちわ!

This is your sentence:

به این دلیل است که همکلاسم یک نفر به نفری دیگر رنگ مویش را عوض می کنیند و همچنین با پوشیدن جامه ای رسمی که مرتب و رنگ مشکی در کلاس ما شرکت می کنند. به به، باید امروز هم مصاحبه شغلی
را دارند.
This is why classmates one by one have changed their hair color. And they attend the class wearing formal suits which neat and dark black colored. Oh, today　they would have job interviews, too.

"have changed" is a present perfect tense, and in English, it's used for a finished action in the past from which, there has remained an effect in the present time. For example, when you say: "It has rained." it means that the act of raining is now finished, there's no rain now, and we still can see a wet ground outside. That's the effect of it in the present time. If you wanna mention that raining a few hours later when the ground is dry, and there's no effect of raining any more, you cannot use a present perfect tense. Rather, you have to use a simple past tense for that: "It rained."

In Farsi, we indicate the present perfect tenses by a Farsi tense which is called: "ماضی نقلی". That "ماضی" means "past" and "نقلی" means "reporting", so the literal meaning of it would be: "the reporting past". It's called past because that action has to be done and finished in the past and it's also reporting because we're talking about it according to it's effect in the present time (NOT according to the action itself) and we're reporting about it in a time when the action is not there!!(It's absent and is in the past!!^_^). The diagnosis of such actions that are in the past, needs a great deal of attention because they delicately hide their finished nature.

What's the formula for a "ماضی نقلی" or a Farsi present perfect tense?? It might seem a bit difficult at the first look, but it's very helpful. The formula is:

(3)ماضی نقلی = صفت مفعولی + ام(1) ، ای(2) ، است(3) ، ایم(1) ، اید(2) ، اند

For example: رفته ام (I have gone)- خورده ام(I have eaten)- عوض کرده ام (I have changed)

The blue numbers are for singular persons (I, you, he/she/it) and the pink numbers are for the plural persons (we, you, they).

That "صفت مفعولی" literally means "objective adjective(an adjective which is related to the object of the sentence)" and currently I don't know how to explain it in English, though I read somewhere that you can call it a "past participle", it might be helping you make a little sense of the matter, but it seems wrong to me conceptually. It has a formula to make it and it is:

صفت مفعولی = بن ماضی + ه

For example: رفته (gone) - خورده (eaten) - عوض کرده (changed)

Why did we put this"صفت مفعولی" in a separated formula?? Why didn't we put it's formula directly into the formula of "ماضی نقلی"?? The answer is that the "صفت مفعولی" plays a role in other tenses either!! So if we give it a formula independently, we'll have shorter formulas for such tenses including it. Now if you look at it's formula you'll find "بن ماضی" which simply means "the past root". In Farsi, all of verbs have 2 types of roots: Past Root and Present Root(=بن مضارع). Here we only need the past one. Do you remeber that every Farsi verb is made out of an infinitive(=مصدر)?! The fact of matter is that all of Farsi infinitives end up to the letter of "ن", for example خوردن (=to eat) or رفتن (=to go). If you just simply delete this "ن" from the end of them, you'll have their past root!!!! [as easy as a pie!!!^_^] I mean this: رفت or خورد. Don't be so happy, because it's brother (=O nee chan!^_^), the present root, is totally irregular for all verbs and has no formula!!! (although they're easy to learn). For every verb, you need to learn it's present root independently!!!

Look back to the formula of "ماضی نقلی" where you can find those blue parts. In Farsi they're generally called "شناسه" and there's no such a thing in English verbs(They actually have it only for the 3rd person singular: I/you/we/they write >> He writes. But we have it for all six persons!!!). They're used to indicate the person who's related to the verb as it's subject. I mean they say who has done the verb!! (Which one?! I?you?he/she/it?we?you?they? who did it?!^_^ The "شناسه" tells us!) There're 2 types of "شناسه" which are: Past ones and Present ones. More details on them has to be explained while studying other tenses. (To see Farsi tenses' formulas, go to: http://yas51.blogfa.com/post/3    It's a nice blog!)

NOW!!!! NOW!!!!! You Are Ready To Make Farsi Present Perfect Tenses!!!!

Your verb in your sentence is: They have changed their hair color. In Farsi "to change" means "عوض کردن". This is the infinitive from which we're gonna make a "ماضی نقلی" tense. Infinitives are the starting point to make ANY kind of Farsi verbs. First we need a "صفت مفعولی" which would be: عوض کرده. Next we need to add a "شناسه" according to the subject. The subject is "they" so we need "اند" for that (Look back to the formula of "ماضی نقلی" to see that). The result is: عوض کرده اند      Bingo!!!!

Now we just need to put this verb into the main sentence:

به این دلیل است که همکلاسی هایم یکی یکی رنگ موهایشان را عوض کرده اند

Phewww......        Any Questions?!? ^_^

!سلام

This is your sentence:

به این دلیل است که همکلاسم یک نفر به نفری دیگر رنگ مویش را عوض می کنیند و همچنین با پوشیدن جامه ای رسمی که مرتب و رنگ مشکی در کلاس ما شرکت می کنند. به به، باید امروز هم مصاحبه شغلی
را دارند.
This is why classmates one by one have changed their hair color. And they attend the class wearing formal suits which neat and dark black colored. Oh, today　they would have job interviews, too.

First Point:

"classmates" is plural!!! But you used it in a singular form in your Farsi sentence!!!! "classmate" means "همکلاسی", when you put a "ها" at the end of it, you'll have it in plural form: "همکلاسی ها(=classmates)"(This is the pattern for making regular plural nouns). If you wanna say "MY classmates", you have to add the possessive pronoun of 1st person to it. Farsi possessive pronouns have two types: 1)connected to the noun 2)separated from the noun. You can use either types to indicate the possession of something to a particular person. For the 1st person singular (me or I), they are: 1)من [mᴂn] and 2)ـَم [ᴂm] , so if you add them to a noun(which can be singular or plural), you'll have this formula: 1) ــِ + من +noun and 2) ـَم + noun . Look at formula 1 where there's sth in the middle of two plus signs. It is a Farsi vowel (/e/) and is called "نقش نمای اضافه" and I don't know it's English translation!!^_^ It litellaly means that it plays an extra role for linking those two nouns (Pronouns are also catagorized as nouns in Farsi). For example, book means "کتاب", and when you wanna say "my book", you'll have: کتابِ من or کتابَم (Zoom the page to see the details in Farsi letters). Getting back to your sentence, we have the word of "همکلاسی ها" which is gonna be used in these formulas. When you substitute it, you'll have this: 1) همکلاسی ها + ــِ + من  and 2) همکلاسی ها + ـَم . NOW!!! Here we have a very tricky point here!!!! BECAUSE the last letter of "همکلاسی ها" is a vowel, and in those formulas we have another vowel right after that, pronouncing two vowels next to each other makes trouble for talking fluently. The solution is, to CHANGE that LINKING vowel into a consonant letter which would be: "ی [/je/]" !!! Similarly that connected pronoun will change from [ـَم /ᴂm/] to [یم /jᴂm/]. You know how to read phonetics, right?? ^_^

Updated formulas:1) همکلاسی ها + ی + من  and 2) همکلاسی ها + یم

 UNTIL NOW, your corrected sentence would be:

به این دلیل است که همکلاسی هایم ...    یا      به این دلیل است که همکلاسی های من ...ه

Second Point:

"one by one" in Farsi can be translated as "یکی پس از دیگری(=one after another)" or "یکی یکی" or "یک به یک". The last one seems a little weird to me in this context!! But you can use them interchangably.^_^ However you can translate that English sentence by it's concept, and not give a word-by-word translation. In that case, your Farsi translated sentence would be basically different(That's what you can find in the comment of Blue Sky). For example I picked "یکی یکی" this time:

به این دلیل است که همکلاسی هایم یکی یکی ...ه

Third Point:

You wrote "مویش" in your sentence which means: "his\her hair", not "their hair"!!! For saying that, you have to say: "موهایشان". If you look back to the previous points, you'll analyze it like this: موها + ــِ شان , and because again "موها" is ended to a vowel, the possessive pronoun of "ــِ شان" is CHANGED to "یشان". If you use a noun that IS NOT ended to a vowel (i.e. کتاب), you don't need to make any changes in that formula. So you'll have this: کتابشان. In Farsi, we have six vowel sounds that 3 of them (I showed them with blue color) are not usually written in texts or any normal writings(because they'll slow you down while writing). They are (ــَ [/ᴂ/] - ــِ [/e/] - ــُ [/o/] - ا [/a:/] - او [/u:/] - ی [/i:/])

UNTIL NOW, your corrected sentence is:

به این دلیل است که همکلاسی هایم یکی یکی رنگ موهایشان را ...ه

Wait.... can you write the rest of it with a little more attention towards it's English translation??? Pay attention to the English tenses and how you should translate every English tense to Farsi.

!سلام

This is your sentence:

در ژاپن، دسامبر(تقریباً آخر آذر تا شروع دی)، بسیاری از دانشجویان کلاس سوم مشغول هستند که یک کار خود بعد از فارغ

التحصیل را جستجو می کنند

Please note the points below:

First Point:

In Farsi, put the word of "ماه (=month)" before the name of every month that you use. And you forgot to put "in(=در)" before December!!! Replace دسامبر with در ماه دسامبر , and it'll be correct!

Second Point:

"تقریباً آخر آذر تا شروع دی" is 100% correct, however in formal texts, you can replace it with: "تقریباً از اواخر آذر تا اوایل دی" (from the ending of Azar until the begining of Dey). That is a collocation which you should memorize, and just replace the name of those months if you wanna use it somewhere in your texts!! Those words "اواخر" and "اوایل" are two irregular plural nouns. In Farsi as in English, we have some irregular plural nouns that are called "جمع مُکسَّر(=broken plural)". It literally means that the singular form of them is broken and a plural form is made out of no rule. Similarly, in English it's wrong to say "childs"; you have to always say "children".

"اواخر" is the plural for "آخر" and "اوایل" is the plural for "اوّل".

Third Point:

کلاس سوم is not the right word for "third-year".

Correct: دانشجویان سال سوم = third-year university students

If a person studies at university, i.e. he\she is a university student, we call him\her a "دانشجو", but if someone studies at schools (highschool, middle-school or elementary school), we call him\her a "دانش آموز".

Fourth Point:

"They are busy" means آنها مشغول هستند , but this is a separable verb in Farsi. I mean it has a collocation which is "مشغول کاری بودن(=to be busy with sth)". Here, "بودن" is an infinitive (=مصدر) which means it can produce some verbs, i.e. it has another form when you use it in other tenses. If you use that collocation in a simple present tense, "بودن" will change to "هستم، هستی، هست،...ه" and you would have:

من مشغول کاری هستم، تو مشغول کاری هستی، او مشغول کاری است،...ه

You wanted to mention "job" in your sentence, not "work". The same pattern goes in Farsi for these two words. "Work" means "کار" and it could refer not only to a person's job, but to any kind of action that a person might do. BUT, "job" in Farsi has only one meaning and it is: "شغل". Whenever you say "شغل" in a sentence, it means that you're talking about a person's job or occupation by which, him\her earns money.

So in your sentence, this "کار" or action that those university students are busy with, is actually the search for jobs. Did u get the point?! (Arigato!:D) So in that collocation, if you simply replace "کار" with this action, you'll have the right sentence!Look:

آنها مشغول کاری هستند >>> آنها مشغول جستجوی شغل هستند    یا     آنها مشغول جستجوی کار هستند 

جستجو (=search) is a noun and it's infinitive is: جستجو کردن(=to search)

In Farsi, infinitive(=مصدر) is a kind of verb that is in the simplest form (it's in no tense) and is used for making verbs.

در ژاپن، در ماه دسامبر(تقریباً آخر آذر تا شروع دی)، بسیاری از دانشجویان سال سوم مشغول جستجوی شغلی هستند که بعد از فارغ التحصیلی خواهند داشت

همکلاسی هایم به(دنبال پیدا کردن شغلی/کاری) گرفتن کارهایشان در(برای) آینده(اشان هستند) می پردازند.

در ژاپن،(در ماه) دسامبر(تقریباً(از اواخر) آخر آذر تا شروع(اوایل) دی)، بسیاری از دانشجویان (سال)سوم(سخت در جستجوی پیدا کردن) مشغول هستند که یک کار(ی برای) خود بعد از فارغ التحصیلی( خود هستند) را جستجو می کنند.
In Japan, in December, a lot of third-year university students are busy looking for jobs that they will do after the graduation.

به این(همین) دلیل است که(هر یک از) همکلاسی هایم یک نفر به نفری دیگر رنگ مویشان را عوض می (کنند)کنیند و همچنین با پوشیدن جامه ای رسمی(و) که مرتب و برنگ مشکی در کلاس ما شرکت می کنند. به به(اوه, مثل اینکه انها )باید امروز هم مصاحبه شغلی
را دارند.
This is why classmates one by one have changed their hair color. And they attend the class wearing formal suits which neat and dark black colored. Oh, today　they would have job interviews, too.

آنها حتی(سعی می کنند هنگام صحبت کردن) به گفتگویشان ژست های زیبا(به خود بگیرند) استفاده می کنند و. آنقدر شیک هستند(به نظر می رسند) که احساس می کنم مثل اگر دارم(انگار) در یک جلسه ای هیات مدیره شرکت(کرده ام) هستم.(ولی) من هنوز پالتویی(معمولی) غیر جدی
را می پوشم و (نسبت)به آینده ای خود شروع نگران(هستم) می کنم.
They even use elegant gestures when they speaking. They look too cool to make me feel as if I was at a corporate board meeting. I still wear a casual coat and learn to anxious about my future.

رقابت(دانشجویان رقابت سختی با هم) در زمینه(پیدا کردن یک) کار خوب(دارند و) بسیاری است و دانش آموزان تا برای مصاحبه شغلی به(همه جا می روند) هیلی جا ها باید برویم.
The competition for getting a good job is very hard and students have to go to many places to take job interviews.


(عکس پایین یکی از اطاق(های) درس های دانشگاهم را یم اشاره می کند(نشان می دهد) و عکس دیگر(را) از سایت http://mizunoyutaka.blog.so-net.ne.jp/upload/detail/6374921.jpg.html گرفتم.)

** تلاش خوبی داری.همینطور ادامه بده.موفق باشی.

همکلاسم به گرفتن کارهایشان در آینده می پردازند.

در ژاپن، دسامبر(تقریباً آخر آذر تا شروع دی)، بسیاری از دانشجویان کلاس سوم سال سومی/سال سوم مشغول/سرگرم هستند که یک جستجوی کاری برای خود، بعد از فارغ التحصیلی را جستجو می کنند هستند.
In Japan, in December, a lot of third-year university students are busy looking for jobs that they will do after the graduation.

به این دلیل است که همکلاسی هایم یک نفر به نفری دیگر یک به یک رنگ موهایشان را عوض می کنند کنیند و همچنین با پوشیدن جامه ای/لباسی رسمی که مرتب و رنگ مشکی رنگ است، در کلاس ما شرکت می کنند. به به اُه ، باید امروز هم مصاحبه ی شغلی
را دارند.
This is why classmates one by one have changed their hair color. And they attend the class wearing formal suits which neat and dark black colored. Oh, today　they would have job interviews, too.

جامه  is not commen in today's Persian (unless in literary texts) , but it's more Persian than لباس.

را here is like "the" in English, as you don't need to add "the" before "interviews", you don't need to add را either.

به به is unnatural here, you can write just "به" or "وه" or "اُه"

When you like something you can use "به به"  about it.

به به چه غذای خوشمزه ای

به به عجب هوای خوبی

آنها حتی به هنگام گفتگویشان ژست های زیبا استفاده می کنند  می گیرند و آنقدر شیک هستند که احساس می کنم مثل اگر دارم در یک جلسه ای هیات مدیره شرکت هستم می کنم. من هنوز پالتوی غیر رسمی جدی
را می پوشم و شروع می کنم به نگرانی درباره ی به آینده ام./نگران آینده ام هستم. ای خود شروع نگران می کنم.
They even use elegant gestures when they speaking. They look too cool to make me feel as if I was at a corporate board meeting. I still wear a casual coat and learn to anxious about my future.

(I didn't get your mean of the verb "learn" )

رقابت در زمینه برای به دست آوردن یک کار خوب بسیاری سخت است و دانش آموزان تا برای مصاحبه شغلی باید به هیلی جاهای زیادی/مکان های زیادی ها باید بروند یم.
The competition for getting a good job is very hard and students have to go to many places to take job interviews.


(عکس پایین یکی از اطاق درس های کلاس های دانشگاهم است اشاره می کند و عکس دیگر را از سایت http://mizunoyutaka.blog.so-net.ne.jp/upload/detail/6374921.jpg.html گرفتم.)

Good luck :)