Tanong at mga sagot/kasagutan sa Tagalog = Question and answers in Tagalog - “Kasagutan” is the formal way of saying “answer”. Rarely used in conversations, but would be appropriate to use here for your heading as it "elevates the meaning" of the phrase over the rest of the text that follows.

Q: Tinatawag ka ba ni guro? = Does teacher call you?/Is teacher calling you (right now)? - Sounds awkward?  The Tagalog structure is correct, but using “ni” before “guro” gives it that awkward  “does/is teacher...” translation. You should use “ng” instead of “ni” to make that “… ba ng guro” = “Does the teacher…/Is the teacher…

These answers are grammatically correct, but they are not the correct responses to your question above.
A: Oo, tinatawag ko ang guro mo = Yes, I am calling your teacher.

o Hindi ko tinatawag ang guro mo = I am not calling your teacher.

(The appropriate question for these answers would be: “Tinatawag mo ba ang guro ko?” = Are you calling my teacher (right now)? - BTW, “calling” in this case means yelling the name or beckoning and not calling by phone.

The corresponding correct answers to your original question above would be:

Oo, tinatawag ako ng guro. = Yes, the teacher calls/is calling me.

Hindi ako tinatawag ng guro. = The teacher does not call/is not calling me.

Q: Sinulat ka ba ang istorya? = Were you written the story? (Yes, that's the translation)

Sinulat ka ba ng istorya? = Did the story write about you? (This is like saying that the story can physically write)

Sinulat mo ba ang istorya? = Did you write the story? (This would be the corresponding correct question for your original and grammatically correct answers:

A: Oo, sinulat ko ang istorya. = Yes, I wrote the story.
o Hindi ko sinulat ang istorya. = I did not write the story.

Salamat sa iyo para sa iyong mga pagwawasto :) - This sentence is also correct, but it's wordy. “Salamat” means “thank you” or “thanks”, while “salamat sa” means “thank you/thanks for”. Your sentence translates to “Thank you to you for your corrections”. You may, therefore, simply state it as, “Salamat sa iyong mga pagwawasto” to mean, “Thank you/Thanks for your corrections”.

Tagalog Question and Answers

Q: Tinatawag ka ba ng guro ko?

A: Oo, tinatawag ako ng guro mo
o Hindi ako tinatawag ng guro mo

(or) Q: Tinatawag mo ba ang guro ko?

A: Oo, tinatawag ko ang guro mo

o Hindi ko tinatawag ang guro mo

Q: Sinulat mo ba ang istorya?

A: Oo, sinulat ko ang istorya.
o Hindi ko sinulat ang istorya.

Salamat sa iyong mga pagwawasto :)