alphabets in Turkish

The alphabet

29 letters: 8 vowels and 21 consonants. No Q, X, W. Note:

• Normally all vowels are short. Exceptions are normally words of foreign origin. • The names of the consonants are read as: the consonant followed by a long Turkish "e". letter (approximate) equivalent in English

A a • car (thick "a" in a syllable ending in a consonant, eg: sar) • about (thin "a" in a syllable ending in a vowel, eg: sarı, where the syllables are sa-rı)

B b box C c gene

Ç ç child

D d day

E e get (thicker in a syllable ending in a consonant,thinner in a syllable ending in a vowel) F f fox

G g get

Ğ ğ no equivalent, but for now imagine this as a soft transition from, or extension of, the preceding vowel. Examples: "seğirmek" (read similar to "seirmek" with a soft transition, and not as "se'irmek"); yoğurt (which is originally a Turkish word). ğ is also named "soft g" (yumuşak g). This letter never starts a word.

H h hot

I ı function, away (exact equivalent of the Dutch "te")

İ i bit

J j vision

K k key

L l • thick "l" like in English, when in a syllable with a thick vowel (see section 5 " First rule of vowel harmony" below) • thin "l" like in French and German, when in a syllable with a thin vowel (see section 5 " First rule of vowel harmony" below) M m met

N n net

O o loft

Ö ö girl

P p pie

R r rid

S s sell

Ş ş shell

T t tell

U u put

Ü ü exactly as in German müller and French vue, similar to English pure, a somewhat difficult sound for English native speakers

V v very

Y y yet

Z z zen

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