Hello everybody! Today we are going to see more of the complicated portuguese grammar. I always insist of learning first the rules because after this you will see how easy it is! So today we will see, among other things, how to make plurals. General rule: add a
-s after the word. For example:
céu(sky) -> céus
torre(tower) -> torres
cidade(city) -> cidades
livro(book) -> livros
almofada(pillow) -> almofadas
However, some words that end with consonnants, you have to add an
"e" before adding the sign of plural
"s" . Here you have few examples:
familiar(relative) -> familiares
lar(home) -> lares
par(couple) -> pares
mulher(lady) -> mulheres
nariz(nose) -> narizes
Another thing you should care is about singular words that end with
"m". In this case you have to replace the "m" for an "n" and add the "s".
homem(man) -> homens
bem(good) -> bens
vaivém(rocket) -> vaivéns
The most difficult part is when the word finish with these diphthongs
"ão" "ãe"...you have several endings like
"ãos" "ões" e "ães". Look:
mão(hand) -> mãos (this follows the normal rule)
cão(dog) -> cães
melão(melon) -> melões
avião(plane) -> aviões
conversação(conversation) -> conversações
foguetão(spaceship) -> foguetões
leitão(little pig) -> leitões
mãe(mother) -> mães
pão(bread) -> pães
You can see how difficult it is to learn some plurals, but with practice you will memorise them =). After this you also have other types of plurals, those that finish with an
-l. For making plurals you replace
"l" and put
"is". Here you hav e some examples:
azul(blue) -> azuis
pastél(pastel/cake) -> pastéis
míssil(missile) -> mísseis
fértil(fertile) -> férteis
Now let's see how to change gender male/female. In general, portuguese female words end with an
"a" and for male end with an
"o". We say "o abraço(the hug), o cão(the dog), o chão(the floor), o casaco(the coat)" for male words and for female we say "a cadeira(the chair), a almofada(the pillow), a abelha(the bee), a filha(the daughter)". You have just seen general rule. However, in portuguese there are some words that don't finish with a or o. You can see if the word is male or female by looking at the article! Here you have some of those words:
a árvore(the tree), a felicidade(the happiness), a televisão(the TV), o senhor(the mister), o vencedor(the winner), o dente(the tooth), a luz(the light), o professor(the teacher), o mar(the sea).
There are other words that are uniform, which means that they can be male or female without changing nothing! Look:
o artista, a artista (the artist); o guia, a guia(the guide); o agente, a agente(the agent); o atleta, a atleta(the athlet); o estudante, a estudante(the student)
Last thing about male/female words, some words become completely different when becomes male or female:
homem/mulher (man/woman)
rapaz/rapariga (boy/girl)
leão/leoa (lion/lioness)
So before ending, I would like to start with some sentences about greetings!
Olá, tudo bem? (Hello, how are you?)
Adeus! (Bye) In brazilian, it is common to use "tchau". They say that "adeus" is a goobye forever! In Portugal you can say whatever you want.
Como te chamas? (What's your name?)
Quantos anos tens? (How old are you?)
Desculpe./Desculpe... (I'm sorry./Excuse me...)
Obrigado. (Thank you.) Some people, including portuguese, say sometimes "obrigada". That is wrong! Obrigado is a universal word.
Não tem de quê./De nada. (You are welcome.)
Bem-vindo! (Welcome!)
Sou português/inglês/francês/espanhol/italiano/alemão/chinês/canadiano/húngaro/brasileiro/americano. (I am portuguese/english/french/spanish/italian/german/chinese/canadian/hungarian/brazilian/american).
Posso entrar? (May I come in?)
Só um momento! (Just a minute!)
Amo-te/Odeio-te (I love you/I hate you)
Que língua falas? (Which language do you speak?)
Sim/Não/Talvez. (Yes/No/Maybe)
Muito prazer em conhecer-te. (Nice to meet you.)
Que bonito/bonita! (You are so handsome/beautiful)
Não falo a tua língua. (I don't speak your language.m)
For learning
Portuguese | Category
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Second language
English | Created
Jan 05, 2009 07:47 | Views
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