ا,د,ذ,ر,ز,و

All these letters are non-connectors. They have two forms: connected (being connected to), non-connected (not being connected to).

• ا (alif) has two uses. The first is that whenever a word begins with a vowel it begins with an alif. The second use of it is the long "aa" sound as in "bat". The second use of it occurs when alif is plain and does not begin a word. The third use is indicating the glottal stop, but this usually requires a diacrit.

• د (Daal) makes the "d" sound.
• ذ (Dhaal) makes the "th" sound in "this".
• ر (Raa') usually makes the trilled "r" sound. It is not the same "r" sound as in English, but one can still be understood pronouncing it as such.
• ز (Zaa') makes the "z" sound.
• و (Waaw) makes the "w" sound.

Edit

Reference

written three times ( xxx )	written twice ( xx )	connected( _x )	non-connected ( x )	Name
ااا	اا	ـا	ا	alif	'
ددد	دد	ـد	د	daal	d
ذذذ	ذذ	ـذ	ذ	dhaal	dh
ررر	رر	ـر	ر	raa	r
ززز	زز	ـز	ز	zai	z
ووو	وو	ـو	و	waaw	w