• س (seen) makes the same sound as the English "s". example: sit. Never pronounce this like a "z", always "ssss".

• ش (sheen) makes the same sound as the English "sh". example: shot

• ص (Saad) makes an emphatic version of the English "s" sound. It is the emphatic version of س (seen). The letter itself ص (Saad) sounds exactly like the English word "sod". See emphatics. The consonant is often mispronounced in slang (but most Arabs believe they correctly pronounce it in slang).

• ض (Daad) makes an emphatic version of the English "d". It is the emphatic version of د (daal). mispronounced in most slang as (z or dh). The "aa" in Daad is pronounced like the "ough" in bought.

• ق (qaaf) makes a special "k/g" sound. It is not an emphatic "k". It is a "k" or "g" pronounced as far back as possible. This is done by trying to pronounce either "k" or the hard "g" sound and not moving your tongue. That is how you should pronounce it. Some dialects mispronounce it confusing it with hamza, others pronounce it as the hard "g" sound. The "aa" in qaaf is pronounced like the "ough" in bought.

• ل (laam) makes a "l" sound. It is not exactly the same as the English "l" sound. It is pronounced with the tongue touching the top of the mouth, closer to the teeth. The "aa" in laam is pronounced like the "a" in "sham".

• ن (noon) makes a "n" sound. Exactly the same as English. In special circumstances it can be pronounced as a nasal "n".

Reference