| Simplified Characters | Traditional Characters | 欧文: | 你好。 | 歐文: | 妳好。 | 欧文: | 我叫欧文。 | 歐文: | 我叫歐文。 | Pīnyīn | English | Ōuwén: | Nǐ hǎo. | Owen: | Hello. | Ōuwén: | Wǒ jiào Ōuwén. | Owen: | I'm Owen. | Simplified Characters | Traditional Characters | 欧文: | 她是艾美，她是中国人。他是东尼，他是美国人。 | 歐文: | 她是艾美，她是中國人。他是東尼，他是美國人。 | 欧文: | 不是，我是英国人。你呢？你是哪国人？ | 歐文: | 不是，我是英國人。妳呢？妳是哪國人？ | Pīnyīn | English | Ōuwén: | Tā shì Àiměi, tā shì Zhōngguórén. Tā shì Dōngní, tā shì Měiguórén. | Owen: | She is Amy. She's Chinese. He's Arein, an American. | Ōuwén: | Bú shì. Wǒ shì Yīngguórén. Nǐ ne? Nǐ shì nǎ guó rén? | Owen: | No, I'm British. How about you? Which nationality are you? | Simplified (traditional in parentheses if different) | Pīnyīn | Part of speech | English | 2.好 | hǎo | (adj) | good | 4.你们 (m.=你們 f.=妳們) | nǐmen | (pro) | you all(plural) | 6.我们 (我們) | wǒmen | (pro) | we, us | 8.她 | tā | (pro) | she, her | 10.她们 (她們) | tāmen | (pro) | they, them (fem.) | 12.什么 (什麽) | shénme | (pro) | what | 14.是 | shì | (v) | to be (am/is/are) | 16.国 (國) | guó | (n) | country | 18.也 | yě | (adv) | also | 20.呢 | ne | (part) | (question particle for known context) | 22.不 | bù | (adv) | (negates verbs) | Simplified (traditional in parentheses) | Pīnyīn | English | 2.欧文 (歐文) | Ōuwén | Owen | 4.东尼 (東尼) | Dōngní | Arein | 6. 美国 (美國) | Měiguó | America | 8.法国 (法國) | Fǎguó | France | The sentence structure of Chinese is very similar to that of English in that they both follow the pattern of Subject-Verb-Object (SVO). Unlike many languages, verbs in Chinese are not conjugated and noun and adjective endings do not change. They are never affected by things such as time or person. | S + V + O | Shì, the equational verb to be, can be used as the English is or equals. Shì can only be used to equate combinations of nouns, noun phrases, and pronouns. In Chinese, shì, the "to be" verb, is not used with adjectives, as it is in English, as in, "He is cold." | S + 是 + O | Shì is negated when preceded by bù 不. Bù is normally 4th tone, but changes to a 2nd tone when it precedes another 4th tone. | S + 不 + 是 + O | Adding the modal particle ma 吗 to the end of a sentence makes a statement into a question. There is no change in word order as in English. | Using the ending modal particle ne 呢 makes a question when the context is already known, similar to saying "How about...?" in English. A common circumstance is when you wish to repeat a question that was just asked for another subject. Simply add ne to the end of the noun or pronoun to ask "How about this". | Like particles, question words make statements into questions without changing the order of the sentence. To make one, simply substitute the question word in for the place the subject would be in the answer. |
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