Usage of the Past Participle

Formation of the Past Participle

• For a regular -er verb, the past participle is determined by replacing the -er with é.
• For a regular -ir verb, the past participle is determined by removing the final r.
• For a regular -re verb, the past participle is determined by replacing the -re with u.
• Irregular verbs have irregular past participles, as shown by the table.
• For verbs with the auxiliary verb être, the past participle must agree with the subject. For verbs with the auxiliary avoir, the participle never agree with the subject, but with a possible direct complement, if it is written before the verb. For example, in the sentence il les a eus, the participle eus agree with the direct complement les, because it's written before the verb, but in the sentence il a eu les facture, the participle eu does not agree with les factures.

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