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D: Where are you from?

Quentin	Bonjour, Léon. Dis donc, Tu es d’où?
Léon	Je suis de Paris, Quentin.
Quentin	Alors, tu es français?
Léon	Oui, exactement.
Quentin	Et Marie, elle est d’où?
Léon	Elle est de Marseille. Elle est française, aussi.
Quentin	Merci, Léon. Au revoir.

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G: Subject pronouns

French has six different types of pronouns: the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd person singular and the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd person plural.

1st person	singular	je	I
	plural	nous	we
2nd person	singular	tu	you
	plural	vous	you
3rd person	singular	il, elle, on	he, she, one
	plural	ils, elles	they (masculine) they (feminine)

When referring to more than one person in the 2nd person, “vous” must be used. When referring to a single person, “vous” or “tu” may be used depending on the situation; see notes in the introductory lessons.

The pronoun it does not exist in French. Il replaces all masculine nouns, even those that are not human. The same is true with elle and feminine nouns.

In addition to the nuances between vous and tu, as discussed earlier, French pronouns carry meanings that do not exist in English pronouns. The French third person "on" has several meanings, but most closely matches the now archaic English "one". While in English, "One must be very careful in French grammar" sounds old-fashioned, the French equivalent "On doit faire très attention à la grammaire française" is quite acceptable. Also, while the third person plural "they" has no gender in English, the French equivalents "ils" and "elles" do. However, when pronounced, they normally sound the same as "il" and "elle", so distinguishing the difference requires understanding of the various conjugations of the verbs following the pronoun. Also, if a group of people consists of both males and females, the male form is used, even with a majority of females — however, this sensibly yields to overwhelming majority: given a group of only one male to thousands of females, the female form would be used.

In everyday language, “on” is used, instead of “nous”, to express “we”; the verb is always used in the 3rd person singular. For example, to say "We (are) meeting at 7 o'clock", you could say either “On se rencontre au cinéma à sept heures.” (colloquial) or “Nous rencontrons au cinéma à sept heures.” (formal).



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G: Introduction to Verbs

A verb is a word that describes an action or mental or physical state.

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Tenses and Moods

French verbs can be formed in four moods, each of which express a unique feeling. Each mood has a varying number of tenses, which indicate the time when an action takes place. The conjugations in the present tense of the indicative mood, the present indicative, is discussed in the next section. There is one conjugation for each of the six subject pronouns.

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Infinitives

The infinitive form is the basic form of a verb. It does not refer to a particular tense, person or subject. In this book, the infinitive form of the verb is used to identify it. In English, the infinitive form is to ___. In French, the infinitive is one word. For example, parler translates to to speak, finir translates to to finish, and aller translates to to go.

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Conjugation

French verbs conjugate, which means they take different shapes depending on the subject. English verbs only have one conjugation; that is the third person singular (I see, you see, he/she sees, we see, they see). The only exception is the verb "to be" (I am; (thou art); you are; he/she is; we are; they are;). Most French verbs will conjugate into many different forms. Most verbs are regular, which means that they conjugate in the same way. The most common verbs, however, are irregular.

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G: Être - To Be

Être translates as to be in English. It is an irregular verb, and is not conjugated like any other verb.

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Formation

	Singular			Plural
first person	je suis	jeuh swee	I am	nous sommes	noo sum	we are
second person	tu es	too ay	you are	vous êtes	voozett	you are
third person	il est	eel ay	he is	ils sont	eelsohn	they are (masc. or mixed)
	elle est	ell ay	she is
	on est	ohn ay	one is	elles sont	ellsohn	they are (fem.)

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Examples

merci

Je suis avocat.	I am (a) lawyer.	jzeuh swee ah voh cah
Tu es à la banque.	You are at the bank.	too ay ah lah bahnk
Il est beau.	He is handsome.	eel ay boh

Try to learn all these conjugations. They will become very useful in forming tenses.

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Idioms

• Ça y est! - I've done it! Finished!
• J'y suis! - I get it!
• Vous y êtes? - Are you ready?

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Expressing Agreement

Tu es d’accord ou pas?, Tu es d’accord? (lit: You are of agreement?), or simply D'accord? is used informally to ask whether someone agrees with you.

To respond positively, you say Oui, je suis d'accord. or simply D'accord. D'accord corresponds to the English okay.

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G: Cities and Nationalities

To say what city you are from, you use the preposition de.

• Il est de Paris.

When stating your nationality or job, it is not necessary to include the article. This is an exception to the normal rule.

• Je suis Australien(ne). - I am an Australian.

There is both a masculine and feminine form of saying your nationality - for males and females respectively.

• Il est Australien. - He is an Australian.
• Elle est Australienne. - She is an Australian.

In the next lesson, you will learn how to say the nationality of more than one person.