Lesson 5 ~ Volk und Familie
EditHello from Berlin!
EditFacts
EditBanks and Money
Germany's main banks are Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank and Commerzbank. There are many banks of all kinds throughout the country. Banks are open Mon-Fri 9am-12pm or 2:30-4pm. On Thursdays, they are open until 5:30 or 6pm. Changing money is best done at a bank because their rates will be better than exchange services located at Bureau de Change. Major post office branches and travel agents also offer currency exchange. Germany is one of 15 European countries that have replaced their national currencies with the Euro, which is much stronger to the U.S. Dollar, but weaker than the British Pound.
EditDialog
| | Vater, Mutter und die Geschwister bekommen Besuch von Oma und Opa |
|---|
| Vater Karl | Hallo Mama, Hallo Papa! Wie geht es euch? |
|---|
| Opa Rudolf | Na mein Enkel, du bist ja richtig groß geworden! |
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| Oma Lisa | Mir geht's gut. Ich gehe zum Kurfürstendamm. Möchtet ihr mit mir kommen? |
|---|
| Sohn Thomas | Ja, Opa, ich weiß. |
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| Tochter Marie | Oma! Hast du uns etwas mitgebracht? |
|---|
| Mutter Bettina | Nun sei nicht so aufgeregt Marie, lass Oma und Opa erst einmal hereinkommen. |
|---|
| | kurze Zeit später, die Geschenke wurden schon ausgepackt... |
|---|
| Tochter Marie | Mutti! Thomas nimmt mir immer meine Puppe weg. |
|---|
| Mutter Bettina | Thomas! Du sollst deiner Schwester nicht ihre Puppe wegnehmen. |
|---|
| Sohn Thomas | Nein, das ist meine Puppe. |
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| Mutter Bettina | Nein. Die Puppe gehört deiner Schwester. |
|---|
| Sohn Thomas | Gut, hier hast du die Puppe... |
|---|
| Mutter Bettina | Und bedanke dich bei deinen Großeltern, Marie. |
|---|
EditPeople
EditThe Family
Home is where the heart is, they say. And what is in the home? Family! of course, so this is a very important section of the lesson. It'll give all vocabulary for the family, and later in a different section, you'll learn how to describe your brothers and sisters or any person! And now to get started lets do some vocabulary...
| English | German |
|---|
| Son | Sohn |
| Daughter | Tochter |
| Father | Vater |
| Mother | Mutter |
| Dad | Papa (informal), Vati (informal) |
| Mum | Mama (informal), Mutti (informal) |
| Grandfather | Großvater |
| Grandmother | Großmutter |
| Grandpa | Opa |
| Grandma | Oma |
| Sister | Schwester |
| Brother | Bruder |
| Siblings | Geschwister |
| Grandson | Enkel |
| Granddaughter | Enkelin |
| Wife | Ehefrau, Frau (informal) |
| Husband | Ehemann, Mann (informal) |
| Father-in-law | Schwiegervater |
| Mother-in-law | Schwiegermutter |
| Brother-in-law | Schwager |
| Sister-in-law | Schwägerin |
| Son-in-law | Schwiegersohn |
| Daughter-in-law | Schwiegertochter |
| Uncle | Onkel |
| Aunt | Tante |
Now even though many of these are common phrases you and me would say in everyday life, some of these are rather used when you are on a visit to grandmother's, or things your mother would say. Maybe you notice some of these in the dialogue. Now you might be asking "How am I going to speak fluent German, if I just learn phrases?" Like I said, these are basically from the dialogue, and you can study these to look at the word order. Also certain things are just different in German, like "Wie heißt du?" which translates literally to "How are you called?" when we use "What is your name?". Okay let's get started on these common phrases...
Du bist ja richtig groß geworden.
You have grown up so much (usual sentence used by Opa und Oma)
Hast du uns etwas mitgebracht?
Have you brought something for us?
Nun sei nicht so aufgeregt.
Now don't be so excited.
Komm rein.
Come in.
(Sie) Wurden schon ausgepackt.
(They) Have already been opened.
(Sich) Bedanken für etwas.
To thank for something.
EditUsing Formal and Informal Pronouns in the Family
Some very conservative families might still use Sie
with grandparents or even parents! This is sometimes practiced in families of nobility or exterritorial cultural islands in which older German customs have survived. However, using "Sie" feels very outdated to the vast majority of people. In practically every family all members use du
with each other.
EditDescribing People
I can't describe in words how important this section of the lesson is. Even though you have already learned to describe to some degree, here we will introduce a new aspect of describing, and we will review. But how could we describe if we didn't have vocabulary? Here it is...
| English||German |
|---|
| Nice||Nett, Sympathisch |
| Mean||Unfreundlich, Gemein |
| Nasty||Fies, Gemein |
| Pretty||Schön |
| Ugly||Häßlich or Hässlich |
| Intelligent||Intelligent |
| Unintelligent||Unintelligent |
| Clever||Schlau, Clever |
| Stupid||Dumm |
| Interesting||Interessant |
| Boring||Langweilig |
| Active||Rührig, aktiv |
| Lazy||Faul |
| Funny||Komisch, witzig |
| Serious||Ernst(haft) |
| Strong||Stark |
| Weak||Schwach |
| Odd||Eigenartig |
| Talented||Begabt, Talentiert |
| Untalented||Unbegabt, Untalentiert |
| Bossy||Rechthaberisch |
| Passive||Untätig |
| Old||Alt |
| Young||Jung |
| Fat||Fett, Dick |
| Skinny||Dünn |
| Tall||Groß |
| Short||Klein |
| Evil||Böse |
The verb used most often for describing is "to be" which we learned in the first lesson. Some examples are: He is
wet, She is
stupid, I am
lazy. But you do use other verbs like feel, looks, ect. This lesson we will be sticking mostly with the verbs we've learned in the past. We will, however, learn one new verb. All sentences we will create will be in the nomitive case. Okay, let's get started!
In term of beauty, you can say four basic things. These aren't all, but these are the easiest and simplest ones.
She is beautiful.
Sie ist schön.
He is ugly.
Er ist häßlich.
These two use the verb to be, and the next one will use the verb to look which would need something else in order to make sense.
She looks beautiful, but that shirt is ugly.
Sie sieht schön aus, aber dieses Hemd ist häßlich.
He looks ugly, but he looked handsome yesterday.
Er sieht häßlich aus, aber gestern hat er schön ausgesehen.
And in the last sentence it says "ausgesehen." Don't worry about that--it wouldn't be taught until Level 3. So since you get the idea of describing, let's learn a new verb! And the new verb is
klingen
which is to sound. As in "He sounds weird.", "She sounds boring." Since we know how to describe, we really don't have to cover it. It's works just like other verbs.
He sounds nice.
Er klingt nett.
They sound funny.
Sie klingen komisch.
Remember that when describing it's S+V+A, or subject, verb, then adjective. Exactly like in English. For right now, that's all for describing things. We are going to have some small describing lessons with some parts of this lesson.
EditRelated Verbs
Okay we just went over the verb in the previous section. This will basically be a list that will help you memorize them better, and there is not a lot. Other then "klingen
" and "fühlen
" you should know all of these. The the "Er sieht aus" is to show you it is a separable-prefix verb.
| English||German |
|---|
| To be||Sein |
| To look||Aussehen |
| He looks||Er sieht aus |
| To feel||Fühlen |
| To sound||Klingen |
EditNationality
This also a large section of this lesson, nationality, it is very important. You can use it as a stereotype, or for your heritage. There are many nationalities, too many to go over in this lesson, you will more nationality as this level, and book goes on. Right now we are just going to have a vague little list, and as this section goes there will be more, like Swede
and Swedish
or Frenchman
, Frenchwoman
, and French
. And so for the list...
EditMajor Nationalities
This is the small list, make sure you memorize this list and the next one.
| English||German |
|---|
| German||Deutscher |
| American||Amerikaner |
| Englishman||Engländer |
| Spaniard||Spanier |
| Italian||Italiener |
| Frenchman||Franzose |
EditDescribing People with Nationality
It is no surprise you can describe people with nationality, most times, it's stereotypical, like norwegians are blonde, tall, etc. or germans wear lederhosen, drink beer, and play polka all day long, but that is just not true. However you can just use it for what it is, a nationality. If you do describe people by nationality this will help. Okay, you should already know how to describe, right?
This part we will get more in to detail later, but right it is an important part of describing people with nationality, even though in English we most times don't do this, in German they do. The difference between nationality and language, like in English, French
and french
. But in german it is französisch
and Franzose, Französin
. This also is how it works for nationality describion by noun or adjective, which we are going to learn right now.
Noun or Adjective Nationality
There are two ways to describe someone. With a noun-based nationality word or an adjective-based nationality word. But note that in German the noun-based form is used more often.
Example: Ich bin Schwede (I am Swedish) and
Ich bin schwedisch (I am Swedish)
Example: Ich bin Franzose (I am French) and
Ich bin französisch (I am French)
EditMore Nationalities
A longer list of nationalities found in and around Germany:
| African||Afrikaner |
|---|
| Albanian||Albaner |
|---|
| Austrian||Österreicher |
|---|
| Czech||Tscheche |
|---|
| Chinese||Chinese |
|---|
| Dane||Däne |
|---|
| Dutchman||Holländer |
|---|
| Estonian||Este |
|---|
| Finnish||Finne |
|---|
| Greek||Grieche |
|---|
| Hungarian||Ungar |
|---|
| Irish||Ire |
|---|
| Japanese||Japaner |
|---|
| Korean||Koreaner |
|---|
| Latvian||Lette |
|---|
| Lithuanian||Litauer |
|---|
| Norwegian||Norweger |
|---|
| Polish||Pole |
|---|
| Romanian||Rumäne |
|---|
| Russian||Russe |
|---|
| Serbian||Serbe |
|---|
| Slovakian||Slovake |
|---|
| Swede||Schwede |
|---|
| Swiss||Schweizer |
|---|
| |Turkish||Türke |
|---|
| Ukrainian||Ukrainer |
|---|
EditAge
Now we are all familiar with the word "alt", which means old
. And in English, to find out somebody's age we ask "How old are you?
". In German it is exactly the same. The "alt" kind of belongs to the interrogative adverb, so in both German and English it may be in front of the Verb:
Wie alt bist du?
How old are you?
Now to ask the question with 1st person it is...
Wie alt bin ich?
How old am I?
And as response you might get...
Ich bin Jahre alt.
I am years old.
Du bist Jahre alt.
You are years old.
And now the plural version of the 1st person...
Wie alt sind wir?
How old are we?
The responses you will get is...
Wir sind Jahre alt.
We are years old.
Ihr seid Jahre alt.
You all are years old.
To ask this important question in the 2nd person. First, we will learn the biggest question here, "How old are you?
" which is...
Wie alt bist du?
How old are you?
And there is only one response to this it is...
Ich bin Jahre alt.
I am years old.
For the equally important plural 2nd person...
Wie alt seid ihr?
How old are you all?
Which the response is...
Wir sind Jahre alt.
We are years old.
And formal question, for both singular and plural is...
Wie alt sind Sie?
How old are you?
How old are you all?
You should all ready get the pattern for this, but we are going to keep on doing this list, if you aren't sure of something or you are confused. So for the 3rd person...
Wie alt ist er/sie?
How old is he/she?
The responses to this are...
Er ist Jahre alt.
He is years old.
Sie ist Jahre alt.
She is years old.
And now the plural 3rd person of question and response...
Wie alt sind sie?
How old are they?
And of course the response...
Sie sind Jahre alt.
They years old.
Now with some people you might be able to guess their age, and you could ask them directly about it. This is usually pretty of rude, but it illustrates nicely how the phrase has to be changed if you ask a yes-no-question, so let's get started, anyway!
Bist du Jahre alt?
Are you years old?
Ist er/sie Jahre alt?
Is he/she years old?
Sind sie Jahre alt?
Are they years old?
Note the inversed order between "Wie alt bist du?" und "Bist du __ Jahre alt?" This is exactly the same as in English!
EditPossessives
| Person |
Singular |
|
Plural |
|
English |
German |
|
English |
German |
| 1st |
my |
mein |
|
our |
unser |
| 2nd |
your |
dein, Ihr |
|
your |
euer, Ihr |
| 3rd |
his, her, its |
sein, ihr, sein |
|
their |
ihr'' |
Note: 'Euer' is irregular. When 'euer' has to have a different ending the e before r is dropped, so it turns into 'eur-'.
EditGender, Case, and Endings
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