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Dialogue

Question-answer | question = Transliterate the dialogue. | answer = David: Shalom, Sarah! Eifoh at garah?
Sarah: Shalom, David! Ani garah bedirah binyu-yorq, artsot habrit. Ve’eifoh atah gar?
David: Ani gar babayit sheli biyrushalayim. Yesh li shnei yeladim!
Sarah: Li en yeladim, aval yesh li shloshah ħatulim.
David: Tov lehitra’ot!
Sarah: Lehitra’ot!


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Asking for Place of Living

To ask a person where does he/or she live, use the phrase “?(correct form of the verb gar)Hebrew|גָּר (person) Hebrew|אֵיפֹה”.

The verb Hebrew|גָּר is in the present tense. The present tense is not natural to Hebrew or any other Semitic language for that matter. It indicates anything done in the present (be it simple, progressive or perfect).

In ancient Hebrew, as well as other Semitic languages such as Classical Arabic, there were only two tenses (per se): perfect (future) and imperfect (past). When Hebrew was revived, people had no way to express what they were doing now. In Arabic, for instance, the future tense is used for the future as well as the perfect. It was preferred that confusion that could stem from this would be avoided by forming a new tense: the present.

Because it is not a part of the original Hebrew language, it was invented to be simple, and so it has only four forms: masculine singular, feminine singular, masculine plural and feminine plural (like adjectives).

Hebrew table|Verb|?אֵיפֹה אַתָּה גָּר|To reside|לָגּוּר|2>

English	עִבְרִית
Where?	Hebrew|אֵיפֹה?
Reside/resides/residing (present)
m sing.	Hebrew|גָּר
f sing.	Hebrew|גָּרָה
m pl.	Hebrew|גָּרִים
f pl.	Hebrew|גָּרוֹת
Jerusalem	Hebrew|יְרוּשָׁלַיִם
New York	Hebrew|נְיוּ-יוֹרְק
There	Hebrew|שָׁם

To state where you or someone else lives, drop the Hebrew|אֵיפֹה.

Example:

• Hebrew|אֵיפֹה הֵם גָּרִים?
  

• Hebrew|אֲנִי גָּרָה בְּבֶּלְגִיָה.
  

Scroll down to do this exercise.
Translate the following English expressions to Hebrew and vice versa: Question-answer | question = You (f sing.) live in Jerusalem. | answer = Hebrew|את גָּרָה בִּיְרוּשָׁלַיִם. Question-answer | question = We (m) live there. | answer = Hebrew|אנחנו גָּרִים שָׁם. Question-answer | question = ?אֵיפֹה הֵן גָּרוֹת | answer = Where do they (f) live? Question-answer | question = Where does he live? | answer = Hebrew|אֵיפֹה הוּא גָּר? Question-answer | question = .אני גָּר בִּנְיוּ-יוֹרְק | answer = I live in New York.

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Countries of the World

Hebrew table|Vocabulary|?אֵיפֹה אַתָּה גָּר|Countries of the World|מְדִינוֹת הֶעוֹלָם|2>

English	עִבְרִית
Australia	Hebrew|אוֹסְטְרַלְיָה
Canada	Hebrew|קָנָדָה
China	Hebrew|סִין
France	Hebrew|צָרְפַת**
Germany	Hebrew|גֶּרְמַנְיָה
Greece	Hebrew|יָוָן*
India	Hebrew|הֹדּוּ*
Ireland	Hebrew|אִירְלַנְד
Israel	Hebrew|יִשְׂרָאֵל
Italy	Hebrew|אִיטַלְיָה
Japan	Hebrew|יַפָּן
New Zealand	Hebrew|נְיוּ זִילַנְד
Russia	Hebrew|רוּסְיָה
South Africa	Hebrew|דְּרוֹם אַפְרִיקָה
Spain	Hebrew|סְפָרַד
Turkey	Hebrew|תּוּרְכּיָה
United Kingdom	Hebrew|בְּרִיטַנְיָה
United States	Hebrew|אַרְצוֹת הַבְּרִית***
Neighbours of Israel
Egypt	Hebrew|מִצְרַיִם
Jordan	Hebrew|יַרְדֵּן
Lebanon	Hebrew|לְבָנוֹן
Syria	Hebrew|סוּריָה

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Notes

• *Full writing: Hebrew|יוון, Hebrew|הודו.
• **Pronounced tsorfat.
• ***Often shortened Hebrew|ארה"ב.
• You might have noticed that the names of the countries vary in similarity to English, from Hebrew|אִירְלַנְד to Hebrew|יָוָן.

Scroll down to do this exercise.
Translate the following English expressions to Hebrew and vice versa: Question-answer | question = Germany is there. | answer = Hebrew|גֶּרְמַנְיָה שָׁם. Question-answer | question = John lives in South Africa. | answer = Hebrew|ג'וֹן גָּר בִּדְרוֹם אַפְרִיקָה. Question-answer | question = We (f) live in Japan. | answer = Hebrew|אנחנו גָּרוֹת בְּיָפָּן. Question-answer | question = .הם גָּרִים בְּיָוָן | answer = They (m) live in Greece. Question-answer | question = Mary lives in Australia. | answer = Hebrew|מֶרִי גָּרָה בְּאוֹסְטְרַלְיָה.

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Connection Vav - Vav Haħibur

In English when you want to connect two words or expressions you use the conjunction "and". This remains the same in Hebrew, only that there it appears as a single letter attached to any part of speech, namely Vav.

The Vav and Shva Na‘ Hebrew|וְ at the beginning of any part of speech connects that expression with the former.

Examples:

• Hebrew|צָרְפַת, הֹדּוּ — "France, India"

• Hebrew|מצויין, טוב — "Excellent, good"

There are however some exceptions regarding what vowel follows the Vav (usually it's shva na‘):

• Before the letters Bet, Vav, Mem and Pe or a word beginning with a shva (except for Yod) it becomes Hebrew|וּ u (this phenomenon is known as Hebrew|וָו שְׁרוּקָה "shuruqized Vav").
• Before Yod with Shva it becomes Hebrew|וִ vi.
• Before a word on which the accent falls on it becomes a Hebrew|וָ va.
• Very important note: Most Israelis ignore these rules and always pronounce the Vav with a shva na‘ Hebrew|וְ. You can use these rules if you want to but they may become a burden, so if you choose to skip them, you would be fully understood and considered to speak like "the everyday person in the street" (which is not necessarily a bad thing).

Connect the following expressions. Example:

• y ,x
• yHebrew|וְ x

If the question is in English, translate it.

{|width=100% style="background:#FFFFFF;" border="0" | colspan=2| |- | width=50% valign="top"| Question-answer | question = בן, בת | answer = Hebrew|בן וְבת Question-answer | question = אוֹסְטְרַלְיָה, נְיוּ זִילַנְד | answer = Hebrew|אוֹסְטְרַלְיָה וּנְיוּ זִילַנְד Question-answer | question = גרוע, נורא | answer = Hebrew|גרוע וְנורא Question-answer | question = יִשְׁרָאֵל, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם | answer = Hebrew|יִשְׁרָאֵל וִיְרוּשָׁלַיִם Question-answer | question = Jordan and Egypt | answer = Hebrew|יַרְדֵּן וּמִצְרַיִם | width=50% valign="top"| Question-answer | question = אתמול, מחר | answer = Hebrew|אתמול וּמחר Question-answer | question = France and the UK | answer = Hebrew|צָרְפַת וּבְּרִיטַנְיָה Question-answer | question = David and Sarah | answer = Hebrew|דוד וְשרה Question-answer | question = United States and Canada | answer = Hebrew|אַרְצוֹת הַבְּרִית וְקָנָדָה Question-answer | question = Day and birthday | answer = Hebrew|יום וְיום הולדת |}

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I Have and Existence

The word Hebrew|אֲבָל means "but" (negation).
The word Hebrew|יֵשׁ might mean several things:

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To have

The first of them is the verb "to have". Unlike English, "have" doesn't exist as a verb in Hebrew. By saying Hebrew|יֵשׁ and then "to _" (like we've learned in the first lesson) you form the expression " have".

If you want to say the opposite, "I don't have", the word to be used is Hebrew|אֵין.

Example:

• Hebrew|יֵשׁ לנו יום הולדת.

"There-is to-us day-of-birth."

"We have a birthday."

• Hebrew|אֵין לך שלום.

"There-is-not to-you peace."

"You (sing.) don't have peace."

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Existence

Hebrew|יֵשׁ might also mean existence, that is, "there is". To say "there is _", say the word Hebrew|יֵשׁ and then the object - like, "day", and the result is Hebrew|יֵשׁ יום - "there is a day".

In the same way, Hebrew|אֵין means "there isn't".

Example:

• Hebrew|יֵשׁ בנות.

• Hebrew|אֵין יום הולדת.

In addition, Hebrew|יֵשׁ also means "existence" in general as well as an exclamation of satisfaction ("yes! I did it!").

Translate the following Hebrew expressions to English: Question-answer | question = .אֵין נְיוּ-יוֹרְק בְּקָנָדָה | answer = There is no "New York" in Canada. Question-answer | question = .יֵשׁ לו תאריך טוב | answer = He has a good date (time). Question-answer | question = !אֲבָל אֵין לָךְ יום-הולדת היום | answer = But you (f sing.) don't have a birthday today! Question-answer | question = .יֵשׁ להן בנות | answer = They (f) have girls. Question-answer | question = .יֵשׁ החודש יום שישי השלושה-עשר | answer = There is a Friday the 13th this month.
("There is this month Friday the thirteenth.")

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Types of Habitation

Hebrew table|Vocabulary|?אֵיפֹה אַתָּה גָּר|Types of Habitation|סוּגֵי מְגוּרִים|2>

English	עִבְרִית
House	Hebrew|בַּיִת
Apartment	Hebrew|דִּירָה
Flat
Bungalow	Hebrew|בּוּנְגָּלוֹ
Duplex	Hebrew|בַּיִת דּוּ-מִפְלָסִי
Room	Hebrew|חֶדֶר

Scroll down to do this exercise.
Translate the following English expressions to Hebrew and vice versa: Question-answer | question = Bungalow | answer = Hebrew|בּוּנְגָּלוֹ Question-answer | question = There is a house and a duplex there. | answer = Hebrew|יֵשׁ שָׁם בַּיִת וּבַּיִת דּוּ-מִפְלָסִי. Question-answer | question = .אתם גָּרִים בְּדִּירָה בְּלוֹנְדּוֹן | answer = You (m pl.) live in a flat (/apartment) in London. Question-answer | question = Where is her room? | answer = Hebrew|אֵיפֹה הַחֶדֶר שֶלָה? Question-answer | question = ?בֵּן כַּמָּה הַבַּיִת הַדּוּ-מִפְלָסִי | answer = How old is the duplex?

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Introduction to Plurals

You've already learned Hebrew has two genders: masculine and feminine. But so far you have only learned singular nouns. Pluralizing nouns in Hebrew is somewhat more complicated than in English but you'll eventually get the hang of it.

Many Israelis will tell you that to make something plural (more than one) in Hebrew all you have to do is add Hebrew|ים- to the end of a masculine noun and Hebrew|וֹת- to the end of a feminine noun. They are right and wrong at the same time. They are right because it's true you need to add -im and -ot, but the word itself changes at the same time. Here are a few examples:

Hebrew table|Vocabulary|?אֵיפֹה אַתָּה גָּר|Pluralization|רִבּוּי|3>

English	עִבְרִית m	עִבְרִית f
Dog	Hebrew|כֶּלֶב	Hebrew|כַּלְבָּה
Dogs	Hebrew|כְּלָבִים	Hebrew|כַּלְבּוֹת
Cat	Hebrew|חָתוּל	Hebrew|חָתוּלָה
Cats	Hebrew|חָתוּלִים	Hebrew|חָתוּלוֹת
Child	Hebrew|יֶלֶד	Hebrew|יַלְדָּה
Children	Hebrew|יְלָדִים	Hebrew|יְלָדוֹת

As you might have noticed, male three-consonantal nouns which have two segols (Hebrew|אֶאֶא) are pluralized Hebrew|אְאָאִים. This is why Hebrew|כְּלָבִים → Hebrew|כֶּלֶב
Hebrew|יְלָדים → Hebrew|יֶלֶד. Based on this you can already expect what the plural forms of the following nouns look like:

Question-answer | question = בֶּגֶד | answer = Hebrew|בְּגָדים Question-answer | question = סֶפֶר | answer = Hebrew|סְפָרִים Question-answer | question = קֶסֶם | answer = Hebrew|קְסָמִים Question-answer | question = דֶּקֶל | answer = Hebrew|דְּקָלִים Question-answer | question = סֶמֶל | answer = Hebrew|סְמָלִים

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Vocabulary

Transliterate and translate the following Hebrew expressions to English.

{|width=100% style="background:#FFFFFF;" border="0" | colspan=3| |- | width=33% valign="top"| Question-answer | question = ירושלים | answer = yerushalayim
Jerusalem Question-answer | question = יוון | answer = yavan
Greece Question-answer | question = בונגלו | answer = bungalo
Bungalow Question-answer | question = הודו | answer = hodu
India Question-answer | question = ילדים | answer = yeladim
Children (m) | width=33% valign="top"| Question-answer | question = ארצות הברית | answer = artsot habrit
United States Question-answer | question = איפה | answer = eifoh
Where? Question-answer | question = גרים | answer = garim
Reside (m pl.) Question-answer | question = יפן | answer = yapan
Japan Question-answer | question = בית | answer = bayit
House | width=33% valign="top"| Question-answer | question = קנדה | answer = qanadah
Canada Question-answer | question = דירה | answer = dirah
Apartment, flat Question-answer | question = חתולה | answer = ħatulah
Cat (f) Question-answer | question = שם | answer = sham
There Question-answer | question = כלב | answer = kelev
Dog (m) |}

Translate the dialogue from the beginning of this lesson.

Question-answer | question = ?דוד: שלום, שרה! אֵיפֹה את גָּרָה | answer = David: Hello, Sarah! Where do you live? Question-answer | question = ?שרה: שלום, דוד! אני גָּרָה בְּדִירָה בִּנְיוּ-יוֹרְק, אַרְצוֹת הַבְּרִית. וְאֵיפֹה אתה גָּר | answer = Sarah: Hello, David! I live in an apartment in New York, United States. And where do you live? Question-answer | question = !דוד: אני גָּר בַּבַּיִת שלי בִּיְרוּשָׁלַיִם. יֵשׁ לי שָׁם שְׁנֵי יְלָדִים | answer = David: I live in my house in Jerusalem. I have two (Mem falls) kids there! Question-answer | question = .שרה: לי אֵין יְלָדִים, אֲבָל יֵשׁ לי שלושה חָתוּלִים | answer = Sarah: I don't have any children, but I have three cats. Question-answer | question = !דוד: טוב להתראות | answer = David: Well see you later! Question-answer | question = שרה: להתראות | answer = Sarah: See you later!

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Summary

In this lesson, you have learned:

• How to ask for place of living (Hebrew|אֵיפֹה אַתָּה גָּר?).
• The countries of the world.
• Connection Vav (Hebrew|וְ).
• "I have"/"there is" (Hebrew|יֵשׁ).
• Types of habitation.
• Basic plurals.