Latin

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Irregular Verbs

Irregular verbs do not fit in any particular conjugation. Irregular verbs conjugate but not in a predictable manner. An example of an irregular verb that you have met is 'esse'. There are a few others which will be listed in the present indicate active tense below for you to memorise and refer to.

Form	Latin	English
Infinitive:	ire	to go
Singular
Imperative:	i	Go!
1st person:	eo	I go
2nd person:	is	You go
3rd person:	it	He goes
Plural
Imperative	ite	Go all of you!
1st person:	imus	We go
2nd person:	itis	You go
3rd person:	eunt	They go
Form	Latin	English
Infinitive:	esse	to be
Singular
Imperative:	es	be!
1st person:	sum	I am
2nd person:	es	You are
3rd person:	est	He is
Plural
Imperative	este	Be!
1st person:	sumus	We are
2nd person:	estis	You are
3rd person:	sunt	They are
Form	Latin	English
Infinitive:	fierī	to become
Singular
Imperative:	fi	Become!
1st person:	fio	I become
2nd person:	fis	You become
3rd person:	fit	He becomes
Plural
Imperative	fite	Become!
1st person:	fimus	We become
2nd person:	fitis	You become
3rd person:	fiunt	They become
Form	Latin	English
Infinitive:	malle	to prefer
Singular
Imperative:	(none)	Prefer!
1st person:	malō	I prefer
2nd person:	mavis	You prefer
3rd person:	mavult	He prefers
Plural
Imperative	(none)	Prefer!
1st person:	malumus	We prefer
2nd person:	mavultis	You prefer
3rd person:	malunt	They prefer
Form	Latin	English
Infinitive:	nolle	to be unwilling
Singular
Imperative:	noli	Don't!
1st person:	nolō	I am unwilling
2nd person:	non vis	You are unwilling
3rd person:	non vult	He is unwilling
Plural
Imperative	nolite	Don't!
1st person:	nolumus	We are unwilling
2nd person:	non vultis	You are unwilling
3rd person:	nolunt	They are unwilling
Form	Latin	English
Infinitive:	velle	to wish
Singular
Imperative:	(none)	Wish!
1st person:	volō	I wish
2nd person:	vis	You wish
3rd person:	vult	He wishes
Plural
Imperative	(none)	Wish!
1st person:	volumus	We wish
2nd person:	vultis	You wish
3rd person:	volunt	They wish
Form	Latin	English
Infinitive:	ferre*	to carry
Singular
Imperative:	fer	Carry!
1st person:	ferō	I carry
2nd person:	fers	You carry
3rd person:	fert	He carries
Plural
Imperative	ferte!	Carry!
1st person:	ferimus	We carry
2nd person:	fertis	You carry
3rd person:	ferunt	They carry
Sometimes ferre is considered to be an 'o' stem 3rd conjugation verb. For practical purposes ferre is irregular.

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Exercise 1

1. Copy out this table and translate.

Translate the following sentences:

1. fero portam. 2. fers portam 3. fert portam 4. ferimus portam 5. fertis portam 6. ferunt portam 7. sum bonus 8. es bonus 9. est bonus 10. sumus bonī 11. estis bonī 12. sunt bonī 13. este bonī! 14. nolī currāre!

Answer the following questions:

15. What do the irregular verbs have in common with regular verbs? 16. Why do we use 'boni' in question 10, 11, and 12 but 'bonus' in question 7, 8 and 9?

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Exercise 2

Exercises:

1. Decline the following five nouns in both singular and plural number in the five common cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative):

Singular
Nominative	nauta	ātrium	servus	dictātor	rēx	cornū	diēs
Accusative	|| ||				||
Genitive	|| ||				||
Dative	|| ||				||
Ablative	|| ||				||
Plural
Nominative	|| ||				||
Accusative	|| ||				||
Genitive	|| ||				||
Dative	|| ||				||
Ablative	|| ||				||

2. Conjugate the verb 'servāre' in both singular and plural number and all three persons.

3. Conjugate the verb 'esse', in both singular and plural number and all three persons.

4. Translate:

Nota Bene: Often Latin uses the present to indicate a 'vivid past'. It would be suitable to translate the following passage in the past tense.

Vocabulary:

heri: yesterday

taberna (1st declension feminine): tavern, shop

ad (+ accusative): to, at

solea (1st declension feminine): sandle

sic: and so

sōlus -a -um, alone (solum in this case functions as an abverb, modifying the verb)

casa, -ae: house, hut

quod: because

stō, stāre: to stand

Heri, ad tabernam eō. In tabernā sunt trēs rēs quārum amō duas sōleās et unam mensam. Habeō trēs denariōs, sīc ego emeō mensam sōlum quod sum nōn dīvīnitās. Hodiē, mensa est in casā meā. In triclīnio stat.