I lived in China 2 years ago and had to use all these phrases a lot (except for the Japanese menu one). My Chinese is really crap now, though, so I hope what I've written is right.
How do I get to __? 去__怎麼走？ || 到__怎麼走？
(Excuse me,) where can I get a bus that goes to "__"?（請問）我到哪裡能坐到去__的公共汽車呢？
Can you tell me how I can get to __ by bus? 你能告訴我怎樣乘公共汽車到__去嗎?
Is this bus going to go to "__"? 這輛車開往__嗎? || 这輛公共汽車是不是開到__？
Do you have a Japanese menu? 你有日語菜單嗎？
There are a few different words for 'excuse me' in Chinese. When you're about to ask a question, you can say 對不起 (dui4 bu4 qi3) or 請問 (qing3 wen4). If you need to interrupt someone to ask a question, you can also say or 打擾一下 (da3 rao3 yi2 xia4) (失礼しますに近い).
If you're on a crowded bus and you want to push past someone to get off, you can say 請讓一下 (qing3 rang4 yi2 xia4). If you want to hear how all of these are pronounced you can put them in google translate. :)
Have a great time in Taiwan!
