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can anyone explain me the verb ''to have(something)''
for example
I got a cold
I have 2 books
He has friends
have you got(Something)
do you get it?

For learning: Japanese
Base language: English
Category: Other

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    Basically it's either あります and います depending on the context.
    But the sentences you wrote translates differently in Japanese.
    I got/caught a cold: かぜをひいた
    I have 2 books: 私わ二つのほんをもっている (いるis related to あります)
    He has friends: かれはゆうじんをもっている / かれはともだちをもっている
    Do you have something: なにかありますか
    Do you get it?: 1. This sentence literally means if someone was able to understand something. In that case the translation will be: わかりますか? in past tense-> わかりましたか?
    2. If you meant if someone was able to receive something it will be: もらいますか? in past tense-> もらいましたか?

    I hope native Japanese speakers will give better and more reliable answers so wait for more answers.
    がんばってね ^_^

    "I got a cold"
    You can say 風邪をひいた(風邪をひきました in the polite form) or maybe you can say 風邪をひいている(風邪をひいています in the polite form) if you mean you caught a cold and you are still sick. The を is often left out in casual speech, and ひいている/ひいています are often contracted to ひいてる/ひいてます. 

    "I have 2 books"
    You can say it as 本を二冊[にさつ]持っている(本を二冊持っています in the polite form), but we also say 本が二冊ある(本が二冊あります in the polite form) depending on the situations.

    "He has friends"
    彼は友人(or友達)を持っている (彼は友人/友達を持っています in the polite form) makes sense, but we normally don't say it that way. We say more like 彼(に)は友人(or友達)がいる(orいます in the polite form). eg: I have a lot of friends in Japan. 日本に友達がたくさんいます。

    "you have got(Something)"
    ~~を持っている(持っています in the polite form)
    or
    ~~(inanimate)がある(があります in the polite form)
    or
    ~~(animate)がいる(がいます in the polite form)
    depending on the context.

    Eg.
    Do you have a boyfriend? 彼氏(は)いるの?/彼氏はいるんですか?
    Do you have homework? 宿題(は)あるの?/宿題はあるんですか?
    Do you have any siblings? 兄弟(は)いるの?/兄弟はいるんですか?/ ご兄弟はいらっしゃるんですか?(the honorific form)
    I have homework. 宿題がある。/宿題があります。
    I have a younger sister. 妹がいる。妹がいます。妹がおります。(the humble form)
    Do you have a pen? ペン持ってる?ペン持ってますか? or ペンある?ペンありますか?
    (At a store) Do you have soy sauce? しょうゆありますか。

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