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Difference 이다 and 있다.
I keep mixing 이다 (yéyó/i-éyó) and 있다 (issòyó) up in my sentences. I think I understand now that 이다 means ‘to be’ in the meaning of ‘to be equal to’ and 있다 means ‘to be’ in the meaning of ‘to be present’ or ‘to be at a certain location’. Is that correct? Can you give me some examples in which the difference of 이다 and 있다 is clear? Are there sentences in which I could use both 이다 and 있다?
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Simply put, 이다 means "to be", and 있다 means "to exist or to have."
1. 이다 (to be) is usually used to say A is B or A is equal to B, describing obvious facts and measurements.
Examples)
나는 학생이다: I am a student (I = student).
나의 생일은 1월 1일이다: My birthday is January 1st (My birthday = January 1st).
내 키는 6피트이다: My height is 6 feet (My height = 6 feet).
3시 15분이다: It is 3:15 (current time = 3:15)
가을이다! = It's Autumn! (current season = Autumn)
Maybe an exception)
내일 갈 예정/계획이다: It is my plan to go tomorrow.
2. 있다 (to exist/to have) is to used when:
a. someone/something exists at a location (~에 있다),
b. something takes place,
c. someone has something,
d. someone/something is in certain physical condition, etc.
e. Also, It's used for Present Participles (am, is, are + ~ing), which is ~하고 있다.
Examples)
내 고양이가 집에 있다: My cat is at home (My cat exists at home. Also, my cat is not equal to at home).
뉴욕은 미국에 있다: New York City is in the US (NYC exists in the US).
내일 파티가 있다: Tomorrow there is a party (Tomorrow a party takes place).
어제 사고가 있었다: Yesterday there was an accident. (Yesterday an accident took place).
시간이 있다: I have time.
그녀는 아들이 있다: She has a son.
나는 잘 있다: I am (staying) well. (in the physical state of staying well).
가만히 있어!: Stay still! (in the physical state of staying still).
나는 공부하고 있다: I am studying (Present Participles).
나는 자고 있다: I am sleeping (Present Participles).
I can think of two situations where you can use both 이다 and 있다.
1. 내일 갈 계획이 있다 (I have a plan to go tomorrow) = 내일 갈 계획이다 (It is my plan to go tomorrow)
2. 사탕있다. 받아. (I have candy. Take it) = 사탕이다. 받아. (This is candy. Take it).
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I'm not a linguist, so this one was not easy. Let me know if you have any questions.
1. 이다 (to be) is usually used to say A is B or A is equal to B, describing obvious facts and measurements.
Examples)
나는 학생이다: I am a student (I = student).
나의 생일은 1월 1일이다: My birthday is January 1st (My birthday = January 1st).
내 키는 6피트이다: My height is 6 feet (My height = 6 feet).
3시 15분이다: It is 3:15 (current time = 3:15)
가을이다! = It's Autumn! (current season = Autumn)
Maybe an exception)
내일 갈 예정/계획이다: It is my plan to go tomorrow.
2. 있다 (to exist/to have) is to used when:
a. someone/something exists at a location (~에 있다),
b. something takes place,
c. someone has something,
d. someone/something is in certain physical condition, etc.
e. Also, It's used for Present Participles (am, is, are + ~ing), which is ~하고 있다.
Examples)
내 고양이가 집에 있다: My cat is at home (My cat exists at home. Also, my cat is not equal to at home).
뉴욕은 미국에 있다: New York City is in the US (NYC exists in the US).
내일 파티가 있다: Tomorrow there is a party (Tomorrow a party takes place).
어제 사고가 있었다: Yesterday there was an accident. (Yesterday an accident took place).
시간이 있다: I have time.
그녀는 아들이 있다: She has a son.
나는 잘 있다: I am (staying) well. (in the physical state of staying well).
가만히 있어!: Stay still! (in the physical state of staying still).
나는 공부하고 있다: I am studying (Present Participles).
나는 자고 있다: I am sleeping (Present Participles).
I can think of two situations where you can use both 이다 and 있다.
1. 내일 갈 계획이 있다 (I have a plan to go tomorrow) = 내일 갈 계획이다 (It is my plan to go tomorrow)
2. 사탕있다. 받아. (I have candy. Take it) = 사탕이다. 받아. (This is candy. Take it).
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I'm not a linguist, so this one was not easy. Let me know if you have any questions.
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