Resolved questions
文保の意味のこと。。

文法 = grammar

1．~ないものか（wonder）
I wonder if there would be better way to slove that problem.
その問題を解決するもっと良い方法がないものか。

2．すなわち（hence, so that = だから、つまり）
Tokyo is located in Japan.
Japan is located in Asia.
Hence Tokyo is one of cities in Asia.
東京は日本にあります。
日本はアジアにあります。
すなわち（=つまり）東京はアジアの一都市です。

3.ただし/ただ 4.もっとも
The meaning of those words is relatively similiar.
The following part should contain some exceptions
opposite to the previous one of "ただし/ただ/もっとも"
or conditions.

You can take a rest right now, but just 5 minutes.
今すぐ休んでもいいですが、ただし5分だけですよ。

You can go out, if you finished your homework.
外出してもいいけど、ただし宿題が終わってるならね。

"もっとも" is not a spoken word but more formal one
and sometimes the following part tends to contatin
ironic content.

If you would still insist so, you can take me to court,
though you cannot win a case, maybe.
まだそう主張するなら裁判所に行けばよい。
もっとも裁判で勝てはしないでしょうが。

5.なお 6.ちなみに
The meaning of those words is relatively similiar.
The following sentence contains some additional information,
which speakers don't think hearers know.

"ちなみに" is a spoken word.
"なお" is a written or formal word.

It is anytime when you can eat that ramen,
just for your information, the cold one should taste bad.
そのラーメンを食べるのはいつでもいいですが、
ちなみに冷めたのはまずいですよ。

The competition will be held on Sunday,
but it will be postponed if it will rain.
競技会は日曜日にあります。
なお雨天の際には延期です。

7．~かたがた

a polite form when calling a group of people

a tourist = 旅行者のかた
tourists = 旅行者のかたがた