Resolved questions
说本 = ？ when can we use this, and a few examples if possible?

as far as i know, there's no such thing called "说本" in daily Chinese. what's the word called in English that you want to know in Chinese?

phrases like 谈得来 might be a little difficult to understand if you are a beginner. but they are simple, you can just remember them and gradually understand them better with your knowledge of Chinese increasing. i don't know if there's a list for phrases like that.

if it helps, allow me to try explain it in this way. 谈 means talk, 得 is a character often used after a verb and followed by an adjective, it often means if you are able to do something in the sense of the verb that follows. ---> so you can apply this pattern when you see similar phrases in the future: V得A can literally be interpreted "someone/somebody is able to do(V) sth in the sense of A".

in your case, 谈(talk,chat)+得+来(come, here it means close. imagine that people "come" together=close) means people get along well when it comes to chating/talking, and that indicates they have similar hobbies or interests.

猜得出=猜(guess)+得+出(out): 出 is out, here you can imagine something comes out of somewhere so that you can see it, it's not hiding anymore. so in this phrase, 猜得出 means you can guess sth right(out).