of = "of" is a difficult word to explain but I will try by comparing this word "of" with some words that might exist in Mandarin.
When I look up the character 的 in my Chinese to English dictionary, the first definition is the English word "of." The second definition is apostrophe 's.
Example sentences:
English: He is a friend of my sister.
Mandarin: 他是我妹妹的朋友.
Do you notice that in English, "friend of my sister" is written the opposite way than the same phrase 我妹妹的朋友 would be written in Mandarin?
Now what about the second definition, apostrophe 's?
Example:
English: My sister's house
Mandarin: 我妹妹的房子
How about using "of" to show direction ...
English: South of Chicago
Mandarin: 芝加哥的南邊
How about using "of" to show a person being seperated from something
English: rob someone of his money
Mandarin: 搶去某人的錢
Now some Mandarin phrases don't use 的 but when translated into English, "of" would be used.
Example:
Mandarin: 十月一日
English: 1st of October
Mandarin: 絲質衣服
English: dress made of silk
How about I do a seperate post for the other words, "for, about & to."