我 - I
你 - You
他/她/她 - He/She/It (same pronunciation)
是 - is (for nouns only)
很 -' is' (for adjectives, it can often be omitted) or 'very'
们 - Makes pronouns plural (ex. 我是 is 'us', 他们 is 'them' etc.)
人 - Person/People
的 - Various grammatical uses
1) Indicates possession (我的... = my, James的房子 = James' house)
2) You can figure it out from the examples below.
ex.
说英语的人 = People that speak English (说英语 = to speak English)
吃的 =Things to eat
我吃的是... = What I ate is...
我吃的肉是... = The meat that I ate is
3) Adjective + 的 + noun
This is arguably an extension of number 2 (ex. A black cat = a cat that is black)
黑色的猫
4) 是...的
This can be used to emphasise part of a sentence. 的 is at the end of the sentence and 是 is before the part of the sentence being emphasised. If 是 is before a method, time or prepositional phrase, it can indicate past tense
有 - To have. It can also be used to indicate that something exists somewhere (similar to 'there is')
ex.
我有很多的钱 (I have a lot of money)
有一个问题 (There's a problem)
房子里有... (There's... jn the house)
过- Used after a verb to indicate you have the experience of completing an action, similar to present perfect in English
现在 - Now
去 - Go (it doesn't require a preposition)
看 - See/look/watch
在 - At (This can be considered a verb or a preposition)
里/上/下 - in/on/under respectively (these are not prepositions, and are placed after a noun)
Ex. ...在房子里 ("...is in the house", note
上 and 下 can be verbs on their own, but they have different meanings
会/能/可以 - Can/could. These three words aren't exactly the same, but a lot of the time they're interchangeable.
好 - Good
吗 - Used at the end of a sentence to create a yes/no question.
不 - Used before most verbs or adjectives to negate them
没 - It's used similar to 不, but means 'never' (up until now). Some verbs use it similar to 不 (ex. 没有 is correct and 不有 isn't)
用 - Use
