The words are similar. Here are some examples of the differences:
Mold can ruin a house, but a fire can destroy it.
Putting too much soy sauce in a teriyaki dish can ruin it, but forgetting about it as it burns over an open flame can destroy it.
A grown man sitting in a child's seat can ruin it, but an elephant sitting on the same seat would destroy it.
Driving your car into deep water can ruin it, but driving it off a cliff would destroy it.
Both words can signify a total loss, but destroy has a stronger connotation of having more devastating results.
Hope this helps you a little.