I agree with the answers above. Still something to add.
不太好
马马虎虎
很好
非常好
挺好
The possible anwers you listed are all possible. However, personally, I would use 挺好的, 你呢 as a reply. Because 很好/非常好 sounds a little bit "over-excited" to my ears, while 不太好 sounds a bit down. As you can see from the answers, we tend to use answers implying moderate level of "being good".
However, to close friends, I will express 不太好 to them, if I really feel bad.
As for 好啊/很好啊, I think 很好啊 can be a better choice if I need to choose between the two. Because 好啊 more sounds like "Yes"--the reply you would give to questions like "Would you like to do sth."(做某事行吗) instead of "你好吗".
Still, personally I won't use them neither. I would say 挺好的啊, if I want to add “啊” after it. Adding 啊 makes it sound very casual and conversational.