It's hard to tell without context, and my first though is the same as Tad's.
It's also possible to refer to your new boyfriend/girlfriend as a "catch", especially if he/she has a very good character, or is very good for you. This is a fishing analogy.
If that's the context, then if the speaker has no money, then he can't find a good-quality girlfriend.
If it is literal (ie. they are really fishing for fish!) , then "I have no money, no catch" might mean "I have no money to pay for a crew, so I have no fish (my catch) to show."