Peter doesn't usually get up before seven (before the main verb)
Yes, this is the standard construction.
Tony usually doesn't get up before seven (before doesn't)
This is possible, but less usual. It may not work in all sentences, and in some cases it could change the meaning or sound wrong.
Charlotte goes sometimes to the pool.
This doesn't sound right. Unless you have a particular reason to emphasise 'pool', it isn't normal to separate the verb and the rest of the complement. It is best to keep 'goes to the pool' as one element - don't break it up.