'I will see you home' is a correct sentence. It is a formal, and slightly old-fashioned way of saying that 'I will accompany you/go with you/transport you to your home. The reason for 'seeing someone home' is for their safety or simply to provide someone with a way of getting home. For example: When I visited China, I had a dear friend, a young lady, who I often had dinner with (with whom I often had dinner). It was always late when we finished diner, and it was time for her to go home. So, being a gentleman and slightly old-fashioned, I could have said that I would see her home, which means that I would see to it (ensure/make sure) that she got home safely by accompanying her in a taxi, to her home, and then returning to my hotel in the same taxi. 'see' in this case means 'ensure that you arrive home safely or simply take you home (to your home).
Another example might be: "I'll see you off to the airport" and that means that I'll take you to the airport and wait with you until you board (get on) the airplane.
'I will see you at home' means that we both have the same home and I will see you when we are both at home (at the same time). 'see' in this case means meet face to face.