1. sounds correct, but you should not capitalize 'it'.
"Although it was my first visit to Arashiyama in Kyoto in this past ten years, it, unfortunately, began to rain."
2. sounds strange. 'you should read as many good sentences as possible.' sounds better, but if you mean grammatically correct sentences, saying
"It is said that if you want to be able to write sentences correctly, you should read correct sentences as much as possible." sounds better.
3. sounds correct.
4. "I was asked a question, after talking for a while, about the reason why we should have activities for local communities at a lecture meeting."
'the following question', I would think, would mean the question would be quoted after a colon ( : ) sign. I'm not sure on this, though.
5.
'Your story indeed sounds nice. However, thinking about it, (paying) five thousand yen for a play is too expensive.' might be better, depending on your intent.
'even' thinking about it has a feeling as if you refused before and they tried to convince you, but you refused them more strongly.
I also changed 'five thousand yen ticket of a play' to the current one, but either should work.
6.
"If you look at it from a different angle, there aren't many people who like foreign languages as much as the Japanese do."
7. sounds correct.
I tried my best, but my corrections might not be perfect. If you have any questions, let me know.