ok,kin
do use 的 when you describing or claim ownership,
tall people = 高个子的人
高人 refer to skillful people of specific field, imagine certain field as a physical object with levels, u get level up and been tall guy for that. like somebody mastering couple languages, sb play chess pretty well,or a invincible general,etc, plz check following words"高手,达人,大师", but definitely it doesn‘t mean the tall people. also you can have fun saying some tall people good at somthing which they actually not by discribing them 高人,you intimate they are just tall ,but pay no attention on this it's something further.
when I consider your question and trying to give a proper answer for that,I found it's bloody hard,actually I learned them by using them over and over ,learned from what other people's use,books, it's more like collocation.
you see,yes,石狗=dog stature made of stone,but it has to fit into certain situation,like you are write novel,travel around some traditional place,or else people have problem to understand it,I suggest more local way to say that is 石头狗or石头做的狗。
高的女人,more local way is 高个女人,高个子的女人,个子高的女人,