A 'friend' does not have to be someone that you are close to. I would agree with merlyn that you could use it here, and it seems to me a better fit than acquaintance which is both a bit formal and also a bit impersonal. An acquaintance is more like someone you've met but never really spoken to properly.
I've seen this observation before from speakers of other languages, that we use the word 'friend' too loosely in English. But we can qualify it to explain our relationship with them further; best friend, good friend, close friend, old friend, work friend, mutual friend, boyfriend, girlfriend and so on.
As for 'mate', 'buddy' and 'pal', they are normally used to describe the relationship between males who are friends. In the UK, it is certainly odd to refer to a woman using any of those three words.