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Taras,
You asked a complicated question, so you have to expect a complicated answer. :)
1) The non-continuous verbs CAN be used with an unfinished (present continuous) meaning, but they can also be used for events that happened in the indefinite past, or have importance now in context.
I have owned a house for many years.
Have you ever owned a house? Yes, I have owned one, but that was a few years back.
2) The preposition "for" CAN indicate the present perfect, but it can be used with other tenses.
He has lived there for seven years.......still living there now.
He lived in Alaska for seven years....in the past
He swam everyday for seven years before he broke his arm in 1899.
2a) The preposition "since" is almost always used with the present perfect (unfinished).
I have known him since 1956.
I have seen him several times since I last talked to you.
My friend has worked at a factory since 2003.
Of course with any rule there are exceptions, and there are some exceptions with "since".
When the since clause is related to an *ordinal or *superlative:
-She came to work for only the second* time since last October.
-Yesterday was the coldest* day on record in Moscow since 1889.
In American English with the present tense:
-I am not doing well financially since the market crash.
-She walks with a limp since the accident.
…and sometimes with the simple past:
-Since when did you become a ladies' man? I thought you were gay.
-My mother died since the last time I saw you......when the action has clearly finished before now.
"Since" with the past perfect:
-We met again at a New Year’s party in 1999. We had known each other since we were young.
..or sometimes substituting the past simple for the past perfect:
-I was here in the office since before you arrived.
-We knew each other since we were young.
