"kind" has two meanings. It could be an adjective, like a "kind man", which describes the man's character. But the other meaning is "a type of something", for example "spaghetti is a kind of pasta". This is the meaning in the highlighted sentence, the author is saying that the dog he was following was abandoned by the other wild dogs so it bonded with a pack of jackals instead.

Other phrases...

"I'm Jamaican, I only like my own kind of music" - means he only likes Jamaican music.

"hey, I loved it! that's my kind of movie!" - means the movie is the type which this person enjoys.

"he's a criminal and he only becomes friends with his own kind" - means he only becomes friends with other criminals.

"be kind to your own kind" - this uses both meanings of the word, it means 'be nice to your own type of people'.

"she's one of a kind!" - this is usually a compliment. It means this person is unique and has no comparison to other people. It can also be used as an insult.