標題 is title in general. 頭條 is a "headline". It's used for the biggest new story/ies of the day in newspapers. Often written as 今日頭條.

标题可以用在很多地方啊，文章需要标题，作报告需要有标题，写论文需要有标题，做杂志平面广告也会需要标题。头条多是用在形容新闻受关注程度之高，某件事情发生之后引起的关注度放在报纸里一定是头条位置。