"Recourse" comes from Latin meaning "a running back" or "a going back". It means "option" or "possibility" or "hope" or "remedy" but especially in the sense of falling back on something.
It can be used with or without an article: "the (or a) recourse" or "recourse":
"taking the exam again may be the only recourse"
In your sentence, "and being made very angry by the bailiff" means the same as
"and since the bailiff made him very angry".