No, the second sentence isn't correct. You can't have a clause with because in it without another clause (independent clause).
Read the following causes and think about whether they are complete in meaning:
Because I'm hungry
When I woke up
If I have breakfast
I think we'd both agree that the clauses above need another clause (subject and verb) to complete the meaning. These clauses are called dependent clauses. They need an independent clause to complete them.
Now look at the sentences below:
Because I'm hungry, I went to the restaurant.
When I woke up, I washed my face.
If I have breakfast, I won't be hungry.
These sentences are now complete.
In English, every sentence should be complete in meaning. You can't have a sentence that needs another clause to complete it. In you sentences above you should join the because clause (the dependent one) with the sentence before it.
See the corrected version:
Talking a with a native English speaker will help you improve your listening because he or she will adjust their speaking, like the words they use and how fast they speak, to help you make progress at your own speed.