They are not the same, and I am not familiar with the term "elastic webbing band".
elastic band - a single, closed loop of elastic
elastic webbing or elastic web - a number of straight pieces of elastic that have been woven together to form a "net" that looks like a large spider's web. It is not closed but rather is stretched over something and tied down or together in some way.
In daily life, neither is more frequently used. Each is used for its particular purpose as defined above. Elastic bands that are very small and used to hold a number of pieces of paper or other small items, are often called "rubber bands" not "elastic bands" (at least in the United States).