"제가 어렸을때는 한국친구가 있었어요." - If you start with one honorative form of pronouns, stick with them. You used 저는 in the next sentence, and overall if you speak to people you don't know it's better to use that form.
"그리고 저는 한국 것을 배웠어요." - I rarely see 들 as a plural form of nouns. It's rather used for people and the like. Instead, just use the accusative ending, it sounds more natural and still conveys the same thing.
"아주 재미있다고 생각했어요." - 너무 conveys a feeling of something being *too* much. 아주 here fits better, it just means "very". Also, if you say "I think, that...", always use the indirect speech pattern.
"저는 열두 살때 한글을 처음 배웠어요." - Correct! Apart from 은 - it's a topic marker as well as a subject marker, but 한글 here is the object.
"근데 열넷 살때 재미있지 않다고 생각했어요. 그래서 그만했어요." - Again, use the indirect speech pattern for the "I think"-part. Apart from that, correct!
"하지만 대학교친구들이 한국 것을 좋아했어요. 재미있다고다 생각해서 다시 시작했어요. 그래서 저는 지금 여기에 있어요!" - Though 대학교친구들 is fine in spoken language, it's better to always add the articles in written form for better understanding, especially during studies. Again, rather use the accusative ending than 것들 and the indirect speech pattern for the thinking part. Also, rather put a pronoun in the beginning of a sentence than in the middle, and don't forget the 에 to mark the place!
I know Korean is confusing, but I hope this helps and keep up the good work~