It depends on the dialect. I'm from Michigan, United States, and it's perfectly normal for people here to say "do you know French?" "I know Arabic," or "she doesn't know English," among many other examples. It might be best for you avoid using the phrase because it's not normal in other regions, as already explained by previous answers.

Agree with Georgette, a native would not use that expression. They might say 'Do you know any (insert language)?' as a question and 'I know some (insert language)' as a statement.

Although technically correct, native speakers would not say, "Do you know English?"