Synonyms= two words that carry nearly the same meaning
1. "How do you tell the difference between English synonyms?
This, truthfully, is not necessary. The synonyms are similar in meaning and have the same uses. However, if you really want to go in-depth, look in a dictionary for any small differences.
2. "How do you know IF a word is a synonym?"
This is based on good vocabulary skills. The skills needed to determine the synonym for an English word is based on the extent of your vocabulary. I am sure you can also find some lists of common English synonyms online. You can also use a thesaurus as Gracy mentioned.
Source: self (American English)