Hello native English speakers. Query about one complex sentence. Mandates issued, which the member is bound blindly and implicitly to obey, to vote and to argue for, though contrary to the clearest conviction of his judgment and conscience — these are things utterly unknown to the laws of this land, and which arise from a fundamental mistake of the whole order and tenor of our Constitution.(original) Query: Is original a complete sentence and grammatically correct? I guess, it is. the subject of the original is "Mandates" ， the predicate is "were" which is omitted →Mandates issued = Mandates were issued. the rest of this part or all after the "issued." functions as relative elements to modify the noun "Mandates". and by grammar: the two which’s both refer to the "mandates", and so does the pronoun "these"here. Is my guess correct according to the original? By the way , if seriously by the form of the original, I guess it is not complete sentence but a complex long noun phrase, all the rest part that follows the "Mandates" modifies the "Mandates". That guess of mine is also correct??

A:The village is beautiful. B:How is it beautiful? Question:What does B mean?Does A mean to ask why?How may A answer B's question?

English students, try this! Topic: Phrasal Verbs

Article Adventure: Test Your Grammar Skills! Hey everyone! I’m Laura, your friendly Italki teacher! 🌟 Articles can be tricky for English learners—from beginners to advanced speakers. Let's tackle this challenge together with a fun practice quiz below! Drop your answers in the comments and share your explanations for when to use each article in different contexts.📝💬

1. ‎‎‎Looking through the window I saw him traverse the garden. （Change the sentence above↑ to below↓） When I was looking through the window I saw him traverse the garden. 2. Arriving at the airport she found a lot of people waiting for the security check. （Change the sentence above↑ to below↓） When she arrived at the airport,she found a lot of people were waiting for the security check. ↑The beginning of the two sentences is present participle, but after changing participles to verbs, the tense forms of the two verbs（was looking through、arrived at） are different. why？

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Hello, can you be the proposer to my that what way that you suggest to me to improve my English skills ?

I Just saw this phrase while I was watching TWD: "If you choose me as leader ne would be better off" why the native speaker adds ''off' ? Is it really necessary?.