‘When’ and ‘after’ have different meanings, as do ‘second’ and ‘next’. So it’s a matter of meaning, not preference.
There are several ways of conveying a similar but not identical meaning.
I’ll email you after I send the package. (Send, then email some unknown time later.)
I’ll email you when I send the package. (At the same time)
I’ll email you after l’ve sent the package. (Send, then email some unknown time later)
I’ll email you when I’ve sent the package. (Send, then email immediately)
Of course, the context might tell you how much later is implied by ‘after’.
As far as a passive construction:
I’ll email you after the package is sent. (This is fine, too. But unless explained by the context, someone else could be sending the package.)
‘Next’ tells you that one or more packages have already been sent. ‘Second’ doesn’t.
I’ll send you three packages every day. I’ll email you when I send the second package. (‘Next’ doesn’t make sense)
‘E-mail’ is older. I prefer email.