For me, the use of the preposition "with" results in a bit of an awkward sentence structure. We use "with" to talk about connections between people and things. I know that there are a variety of uses for "with," so ease up.
"My dad is tall and strong with short, black hair." 🤔
So . . . without short black hair, would he not be tall and strong?
My dad is tall and strong, and he has short, black hair.
That's how I would write it. Again, it's personal preference for me. The original sentence will work. If so, I agree that a comma should be placed after "strong."