They are both correct, but they give different information. 1. The present perfect ( I haven't talked..) always tells you something about the present time. The present perfect is concerned with the period of time up to now. So, if you say 'I haven't talked to you for years', this might mean that I last talked to you in 2010, and that I haven't talked to you for the whole five-year period between 2010 and NOW. The use of the present perfect tells you that this period is unfinished. 2. The past simple ( I didn't talk...) always tells you about a finished period of time in the PAST. So, for example, if there was silence between us in the period 2008 - 2012, you would say 'I didn't talk to you for years'. The use of the past simple tells us that this period is now over. I hope this makes sense. The concept of finished/unfinished time is a key difference between English and French grammar. Please ask if anything isn't clear.

The first one: " I haven't talked to you for years "