Günaydın!
They are different.
1. If you talk about your biological heart, you should use "kalp".
2. If you talk about emotinal situations(for example love) you should use "gönül".
3. If you talk about courge you should use "yürek".
However, sometimes we might use some of them interchangeably(not very often). But, I suggest you to use those words in the order above.
Some examples:
Kalp sağlığını korumalısın. You should protect your heart health.
Gönül işlerinde çok şanslıyımdır. I am very lucky at romantic relationships. (this is not a direct translation)
Yüreği yetiyorsa gelecektir. If he has enough courge, he will be here. (this is not a direct translation)