"Stop" is used with "to be" and the present participle in the continuous tenses. I am stopping... I was stopping... I will be stopping... Or with "have" and the past participle in the perfect tenses. I have stopped... I had stopped... I will have stopped... Your example sentence doesn't sound natural at all, but it's technically not grammatically incorrect since the past participle "stopped" can also function as an adjective.

Be + past participle is the passive voice in English (unless the past participlate is functioning as an adjective), but you have to be quite careful how you use it. Some natural-sounding sentences using the passive voice with synonyms of "stopped" include: "Production had to be halted because of a shortage of parts." "He was prevented from entering the stadium when he failed to show a ticket." To make a passive construction with "stopped" sound natural, with stopped meaning halted or prevented, maybe it's better to say what you were stopped from doing. For example, "he was stopped from leaving when they realised he was using a fake passport".

I stopped because of the rain

I AM STOPPED seems to make grammatical sense, but it is not generally used. It might be used in specific contexts, but is not your best choice as a default.