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Verb and Adjective Conjugation in Korean, Considering Ending, Stem, and Josa.
어간 refers to a the part of a Korean verb or adjective that doesn't change when it is conjugated.
어미 is the opposite term of 어간.
Collins Cobuild Advanced Learner's English Dictionary defines grammar ending and stem as follows:
"The ending of a word is the last part of it." (is this meant to be a quotation?)
A common word endings, like is 'ing', as in 'walking.'
In grammar, the stem of a word is the main part of it, which does not change when the ending changes; thus, in Korean, 어간 refers to a verb or adjective stem, and 어미 refers to a verb ending or adjective ending. When we think of a sentence it consists of parts, and there are is space between each of them. Both 어미 and 조사 comes at the last part of it. But, 어미 and 조사 are different because the parts 조사 and 어미 is attached to is are different.
Let's consider the conjugated forms of the bare infinitive 웃다 and basic adjective form 아름답다 in some example sentences.
철수가 아기를 보고 웃는다. (Cheolsu is smiling at baby.)
철수가 아기를 보고 웃었다. (Cheolsu smiled at baby.)
In the above two sentences two sentences above, '가' is a 조사(josa) attached to the proper noun 철수(Cheolsu).
-는다 as in 웃는다, and -었다 in 웃었다 are verb endings.
웃- in 웃는다, and 웃었다 is a stem are stems.
Now let's consider about one of an adjective ending.
1그녀는 아름답다.(She is gorgeous)
2.그녀는 아름다웠다.(She was gorgeous.)
'는' is the 조사(josa) attached to the pronoun 그녀.
아름답- as in 아름답다 and 아름다웠다 is a stem. '-었다' in 아릅다웠다 and -다 in 아름답다 are adjective endings.
You may think it is strange that 아름답- as in 아름다웠다 is a stem.
It is related to ㅂ[비읍] irregular conjugation). the irregular conjugation of ㅂ[비읍].
It is an irregular conjugation that in which the last phoneme, ㅂ, of the stem is changed into '오' in front of an 어미
(verb ending or adjective ending) that starts with '아', and into '우' in front of a verb ending or adjective ending that starts with '어' or that requires '-으'.
Thus, if I will show you how the basic form adjective 아름답다 is changed into 아름다웠다.
아름답-+-었-+-다->아름답-+-우-+-었-+-다->아름다+-웠-+-다->아름다웠다.
I really enjoyed correcting this! I have to read an entry many times while correcting it, and I get the added benefit of learning about Korean grammar. :D
감사합니다!
