They don't have exactly the same meaning, which is why we sometimes use them together. Various means a variety, it could be different types of the same thing (e.g. various types of cheese) or different types of things altogether. Different means not the same. (using the example above, swiss cheese is different to cheddar cheese) . Pretty and beautiful are very similar. Beautiful is a lot stronger term than pretty. If you have seen these two words together i.e. "pretty beautiful" , the meaning of the word pretty then is emphasising the word beautiful. We wouldn't necessarily use that term commonly though. Sad and alone don't have the same meaning - alone means to be on one's own. It isn't necessarily sad to be on your own. Sad means unhappy, it can also mean pathetic or pitiful.

different mean "not the same" or not similar" various means a collection or set of things or people who have fifferent qualities Basically the two adjectives beautiful and pretty are related ..Beautiful is more intense or greater than pretty. lonely means you have no one to talk to or you miss someone. sad is the opposite of happy. you can be lonely but not sad and you can be sad but not lonely.

Different and various are used as synonyms, the confusion might arise from the many meaning of the word different. Different has a number of meanings in different contexts. For example, it means (1) not alike/not the same. For example: This car is different than the other, one is blue, one is yellow. It also means (2) unique/special/not common. For example: This person has a very different style, she is not like any other person I know. It can also mean (3) various. For example: There are different ways to approach this problem.

Ask your dictionary,it'll give you the very best answer

I don´t think "different" and "various" have any relation, for me they are completely different words.