The verbs are: sterven and overlijden.
- sterf stierf gestorven
- overlijd overleed overleden
You often can use both but there is a small difference.
Overlijden is a little bit more former.
So it is better to say:
- Hij overleed aan kanker
In stead of:
- Hij stierf aan kanker
In media (especially in headlines) people tend to use 'overleden'.
For example:
"Zangeres Whitney Houston overleden"
"Ze overleed (of stierf) ....."