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Mikhail
"dreaded by ..." I am always in trouble with sentences like that with the prepositon "by".
"...who had great power and was dreaded by all the world".
The first thought, that emerges in my mind, that I have to add "means". But I suppose it's a wrong way:
"...who had great power and was dreaded by means all the world".
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"followed by" is the next one from my trouble list with preposition "by". I guess it's the same problem with "by".
2013년 9월 6일 오전 6:18
답변 · 4
1
By is used in the passive to show who or what is doing the action.
Active::The cat sits on the mat
Passive: The mat is sat on by the cat
All the world dreaded the man with great power
The man with great power was dreaded by all the world
Night follows day
Day is followed by night.
2013년 9월 6일
1
The word "by" has many meanings and functions. One of its functions is to show who оr what does something, in a sentence in the passive mode (страдалельный залог). It functions similarly to the Russian instrumental case (творительный падеж). For example: It was done BY HIM. (Это было сделано ИМ.) Therefore, "dreaded by all the world" tells you WHO dreaded him --- "the entire world dreadеd him"
Your other example, "followed by", is of the same type. "He was followed by the police." The word "by" introduces WHO (the police) followed him. "Spring was followed by summer." The word "by" introduces WHAT (summer) followed spring.
Adding the word "means" is not correct.
2013년 9월 6일
1
X is dreaded by Y means that Y is afraid of X.
X is followed by Y means that Y follows, or comes after, X.
2013년 9월 6일
1
Whether it's by all the world or by all means or by means unknown, "by" is still being used in all examples to explain/point to, that which is dreading, etc.
2013년 9월 6일
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